Q

1
QA

• Imports namespaces
• Different types of reasoning
• Limitations of OWL
• Individuals creating/reasoning
• Where can I find some ontologies?
• SWOOGLE
• Protégé OWL / CO-ODE web pages

2
QA Topics Wednesday

• Semantic Web Mailing list
• Importing Reuse
• Conversion or importing from other formats
  (Protégé)
• Top Ontologies
• Utility ontologies
• (eg units Tom Gruber engineering units)
• Individual
• Use
• Why pizza toppings classes not instances?
• storage
• Reasoning
• Open World what advantages does it bring?
• Protégé Features
• Multiuser/collaborative support
• Qualified Cardinality Constraints - example?

3
QA

• PCPACK how much?
• Naming specifically too restrictive?
• Intentional in Pizzas to avoid confusion with eg
  Salad ingredients
• Could perhaps have tools to help reuse and
  change subtrees
• Some bio domains have a lot of information in the
  name
• Semantics of OWL All individuals of a class are
  members of its superclass
• Conflict between ontologies talking about the
  same domain on the Semantic Web
• Trusted sources
• Resolving multiple definitions of a class hard
• Mappings / merging (Semantic Web Challenge)
• Finding equivalents
• PROMPT tool - Protege

4
QA

• Patterns and methodologies for helping produce
  consistently built models
• Upper level ontologies
• High level concepts for organising either a
  domain or even higher
• OntoClean methodology for checking the validity
  of a model by using a top-level ontology
• Patterns
• Methodologies
• Not a magic bullet (as per software engineering)
• Alternatives to OWL
• More Logics
• Frames based systems
• Why use OWL?
• Standard tools being developed
• Transfer language
• Levels of expressivity
• Need a list of why not to use OWL (current
  limitations)

5
QA

• Good methods for building ontologies
• Patterns W3C Semantic Web Best Practice Group
• Measuring quality?
• Representations of RDF datatypes like lists and
  bags etc
• In context of Business Document transformation
• Draft N-ary relations note on Best Practice
• Representing Time
• Temporal logic
• Taxonomy of relationship between Flogic, DL, SCL,
  AutoEpistemic etc
• Great, someone should do this!

6
QA

• Modularisation
• Alignment, merging and mapping
• http//protege.stanford.edu/plugins/prompt/
• Enrico Franconi paper
• Mike Uschold Boeing
• ISWC 03/04 information fusion track, EON
• Free University, Amsterdam
• Reuse ontology libraries (top/middle
  ontologies)
• Use cases for using annotations (in apps etc)
• Authoring, provenance, comments (intent) etc
• Application specific metadata (to control
  interfaces etc)
• Stating facts about the Class, not instances of
  the class
• Translations Concept names, synonyms etc

7
QA

• Editing along other axis eg partonomy
• Fuzziness
• Optionality (Sufficient conditions, groups of
  nec. suf. Conditions)
• Sanctioning
• Semantic Proximity / Adjacency
• How close are these concepts?
• Least common consumer

8
Further Topics

• Known limitations of OWL
• Qualified Cardinality Constraints (workaround pos
  for most cases)
• More powerful annotations
• More powerful modularisation
• Protégé-OWL UI qu.s and feedback
• Logic view/Properties view
• Shortcuts (wizards etc)
• Debugging
• Current/future development
• How restrictions map to obj oriented slots
• Other examples of using ontologies
• AKT Website for applications incl COHSE
  (address in handout)
• CYC
• Google !(?) probably
• Gene Ontology

9
Qualified Cardinality Restriction example

• Normal Cardinality Restriction does not state the
  anything about the range of the relationship
• Body has_part maxCardinality(4)
• A Qualified Cardinality Restriction states the
  range of the relationship
• Body has_part maxCardinality(4, Legs)
• Currently not possible in OWL although supported
  by reasoners, therefore soon to be built into
  tools

10
THE END