What is taxonomy

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What is taxonomy based on?
Fossils Embryology Homologous parts Vestigial
Parts Biochemistry
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Taxonomy a branch of biology which groups and
names organisms based on characteristics and
evolutionary history ( phylogeny )
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Fossils
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Belemnites
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Comparative Embryology
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Similarities in embryos reflect common ( the
same ) ancestry.
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Homologous Structures are body parts that have
the same general structure but may be used
for a different functions.
Bird wing / mans arm / dogs front leg


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Homologous Structures
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• Vestigial Body Parts
• body structures that are
• reduced in size
• no longer/ less useful
• leftover from evolution
• from ancestors

Human tailbone
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appendix
coccyx
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Gill slits
tail
Human embryo
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Similarities in DNA and proteins
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Two organisms are closely related in evolution
if their DNA and proteins are similar. (
biochemical similarities are evidence for
common ancestry )
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Man vs chimp
98 genetic similarity
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Ammonite
Pseudomorph - total replacement of original
components
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Insect in amber
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Minerals in bone are replaced by other minerals
to male stone
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