Personality

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Personality

• Social Learning Theoryand Integrationists Theory

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Todays content

• Look at Social Learning Theory
• Understand Interactionists Theory
• Psychodynamic Theory (Freud, 1933)

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Social Learning Theory
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• Suggests that all behavior is learned through
  interaction with the environment and that
  inherited factors do not influence personality.
• Therefore, the response made by an individual
  cannot be predicted.
• Bandura said learning takes place in two ways
• We tend to imitate the behavior of others through
  observation (vicariously/ modelling).
• New behaviors are acquired when they are enforced
  through social reinforcement.

Bandura Doll Experiment Video
B F(E)Behaviour Function of Environment
Equation
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Bandura Bobo Dolls

• Behaviour is more likely to be copied if
• The person is significant / a role model.
• The model is relevant e.g. Boys more likely to
  copy male models.
• If the model is similar to the observer e.g.
  Same sport.
• If the models behaviour is consistent and it is
  reinforced.
• If the model is powerful / authoritarian

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• For example
• a young football player observes a senior
  player intimidating opponents through hard and
  aggressive tackling.
• Using the senior play as his model, the younger
  player adopts the same tactics and is rewarded by
  the coach.
• The coach has reinforced the players behaviour
  even though it is undesirable

Any other examples?
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Limitations to this approach

• Does not take into account the effect inherited
  traits on behaviour.

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Interactionists Theory
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• Personality is a product of both NATURE and
  NUTURE
• This approach considers both inherited
  characteristics and the environmental influences
  in the development of personality.
• Lewin stated that

Some psychologists (Bowers) believe that the
interaction between the person and situation
explains twice as much as traits and situations
alone.
B F(PE)Behaviour Function of Personality x
Environment
Equation
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Strengths of this theory

• Interactionist theory takes into account innate
  characteristics and environmental influences.

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To Recap
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Psychodynamic theory

• Old theory! Freud (1933)
• Believed that three components of personality
  interact to produce individual patterns of
  behaviour which can arise in sport.
• According to this theory, personality is formed
  because of a permanent state of psychological
  conflict between seeking, releasing and
  inhibiting behaviour.

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Psychodynamic theory (Freud, 1933)
Id basic instinct(seeking behaviour)I need to
win at all costs.
Ego conscious reality(releasing
behaviour)Winning at all costs may mean I need
to become aggressive and play outside the rules.
Super ego moral arm(inhibiting
behaviour)Violation of the rules is unfair and
become a liability to my team.
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(No Transcript)
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Exam Style Questions