Treating Mental Illness

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Treating Mental Illness

• Bittu Majmudar
• September 25, 2007
• Neuroethics

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Categories of Mental Illness

• Anxiety Disorders
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• Panic Disorder
• Social Anxiety Disorder
• Specific Phobias
• Mood Disorders
• Depression
• Mania
• Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression)

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Categories of Mental Illness

• Psychotic Disorders
• Schizophrenia
• Eating Disorders
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia Nervosa
• Impulse Control Addiction Disorders
• Pyromania (starting fires)
• Kleptomania (stealing)
• Compulsive Gambling

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Categories of Mental Illness

• Personality Disorders
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
• Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Adjustment Disorder
• Dissociative Disorders
• Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Depersonalization Disorder
• Somatoform Disorders
• Tic Disorders
• Tourette Syndrome

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Mental Health Care Practitioners

• Psychiatrist
• medical doctor
• Psychologist
• masters or doctoral degree
• Psychiatric Social Worker
• specialized training in psychotherapy
• Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse
• training in behavioral health

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Mental Health Care Practitioners

• Psychoanalyst
• any of the previous with training in
  psychoanalysis
• Mental Health Counselor
• licensed professional counselors
• Pastoral Counselor
• additional religious or theological training
• Psychotherapist
• general practitioner that provides mental health
  care

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Treatments Therapies

• Drug Therapy
• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
• Psychotherapy
• Supportive Psychotherapy
• Psychoanalysis
• Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
• Cognitive Therapy
• Behavior Therapy (Exposure Therapy)
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
• (Dialectical Behavior Therapy)
• Group / Interpersonal Therapy

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Treatments Therapies

• Biomedical Treatment
• Spiritual Treatment
• Self-Help Treatment
• Holistic Treatments
• Yoga / Meditation
• Alternative Treatments
• Acupuncture
• Biofeedback
• Hypnosis / Dream Interpretation
• Magnetic Stimulation Therapy

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Drug Therapy

• Depression
• tricyclics imipramine, desipramine
• monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
  fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram
• new bupropion
• Schizophrenia
• antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medications
  clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine

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Drug Therapy

• Bipolar Disorder
• antimanic medications lithium
• antidepressants
• anticonvulsants valproic acid, carbamazepine,
  topiramate
• ADD / ADHD
• stimulant medications amphetamine,
  methylphenidate
• non-stimulant medications atomoxetine

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Drug Therapy

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• buspirone, propranolol
• antianxiety medications benzodiazepines
• antidepressant medications fluoxetine,
  paroxetine, sertraline

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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

• severe depression accompanied by psychosis,
  suicidal intent, or refusal to eat
• mania that does not improve with medications
• schizophrenia when symptoms are severe or
  medications arent enough

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Psychotherapy

• depression
• bipolar disorder
• personality disorders
• dissociative disorders
• anxiety disorders
• impulse control addiction disorders

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Questions to Contemplate

• What criteria should be used to define mental
  illness and abnormal v. normal behavior?
• Does refusal to accept treatment indicate a lack
  of decision-making capacity?
• At what point is informed consent inapplicable
  and involuntary treatment necessary?