SKC A Global Company

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SKC - A Global Company

• SKC is a GLOBAL company
• Distributors in over 50 countries
• We work as a single company

SKC Ltd UK 01258 480188 www.skcltd.com
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1500 BC EBERS PAPYRUS, EGYPTIAN PHYSICIANS
RECOGNIZE TOXIC EFFECTS 4TH C BC HIPPOCRATES,
BEGINNING OF SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION, ASBESTOS
DISEASE RECOGNISED 82 BC LEX CORNELIA MAKES
POISONING ILLEGAL 54 AD PLINY THE ELDER,
MERCURY REFINERS USE BLADDERS OVER FACE TO
PROTECT AGAINST DUST 1473 ELLENBORG, RECOGNIZED
CHRONIC LEAD AND MERCURY POISONING 1493-1541
PHILIPUS PARACELSUS, CORRELATED "MINERS
DISEASES" WITH METAL FUME 1500s CANARIES INTO
THE MINES 1519-1589 CATHERINE DE MEDICI, HUMAN
EXPERIMENTATION 1556 AGRICOLA, RECOGNIZED
"ASTHMA" AMONG MINERS 1700 RAMAZZINI,
RECOGNIZED OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AND PRESCRIBED
CURES 1775 PERCIVAL POTT, RECOGNIZED SCROTAL
CANCER AS A RESULT OF CLEANING CHIMNEYS 1833
FACTORY ACT, ENGLAND LIMITS HOURS OF CHILD
LABOUR 1839 GERMANY BANS CHILD LABOUR IN
DANGEROUS OCCUPATIONS 1864 ENGLAND'S FACTORY
ACT PROVIDES FOR INSPECTION OF FACTORIES 1877
FACTORY INSPECTION IN USA 1884 K.B. LEHMANN,
STUDIED TOXIC EFFECTS OF GASES ON ANIMALS 1905
BENZO (a) PYRENE IDENTIFIED AS CARCINOGEN, FIRST
CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN 1910 FIRST NATIONAL
CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES
Time Line
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Ingestion (uptake) Routes
CONTAMINATION
IN THE AIR
SPILL
BREATHING
SURFACE
SKIN
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Air Sampling

• OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE
• The factory/workplace
• Indoor air quality

OUR ENVIRONMENT Inner cities Agriculture Pesticide
s - herbicides, - fungicides

• INDUSTRIAL
• Incineration/Waste
• Stacks and Ducts
• Power generation

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Air Sample

• Air is passed through a tube, filter or other
  collecting media, at a set air flowrate.
• The amount collected is checked by the laboratory
  and reported usually
• in mg/m3 or ppm.

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Air Sample

• To have a valid sample with MEANINGFUL results
  you will need
• to select a relevant sample method
• to choose the right media
• to set the correct flow rate
• to sample for an appropriate time
• to analyse the sample accordingly
• COMMON SENSE!

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SAMPLING

• WHO
• WHERE
• WHEN
• WHAT
• HOW

METHOD
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Personal V Static
30 cm Hemisphere around the nose and mouth

• ALL exposure limits are based on
• PERSONAL SAMPLES
• And MUST be taken in the Breathing Zone

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Types of Contaminant
Aerosol
Dust
Fume
Smoke
SOLID
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Choosing an Air Sampling Method

• EH 40/2005 - UK guidelines lists M.D.H.S.
  methods
• Websites N.I.O.S.H, O.S.H.A., H.S.E.
• Supplier information
• Laboratory advice

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Sources of Methods

• UK Methods
• - FREE at
• www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/index.htm - MDHS 42/2
• - Purchase
• HSE books 01787 881165
• - Subscription
• www.hsedirect.com
• - SKC Factfiles online
• www.skcinc.com/hse/HSE.asp
• USA methods
• www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/toc/toc_chemsamp
  .html
• methods ID121/125G.
• www.cdc.gov/niosh/database.html-methods -
  7300/7301/7303.

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Health and Safety Executive
Guidelines appear in MDHS 14/3 For Nickel
MDHS 42/2 and 91
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Sampling for Particulates
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ISO/CEN ConventionsEN481
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Inhalable Dust

• Affects the whole of the respiratory system
• 100 micron at 50 cut
• Blanket level of
• 10 mg/m3
• Ni 0.1 or 0.5.mg/m3.
• Per EH40/2005.

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Inhalable Dust samplingThe I.O.M. sampler

• Inhalable sampler
• Cassette system
• All collected dust is measured
• Easily handled
• No contact with filter
• Mimics inhalation by a person
• Multi fraction sampling with foam inserts

IOM cassette
Transport clip
IOM sampler
Front Cassette Filter Support
O ring Body cover front
grid
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IOM Cassette

• IOM Cassette.
• Cassette and filter are pre and post weighed as a
  single unit

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Sample Train

• Is made up of
• Pump
• Connecting tube
• Sampler
• This should be calibrated to a flow of 2 L/min

SAMPLER
CONNECTING TUBE
PUMP
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Calibration

• To Calibrate
• Switch on pump
• Connect sampler to calibrator
• Ensure no leaks
• Adjust flow to recommended level
• Switch off pump

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Sample train calibration

• Calibration in the case of air sampling with
  active systems, is defined as
• The setting of the air flow through the filter
  medium, to the recommended level for the method
  being used.
• Flow should be checked before and after EACH
  sample. (UK MDHS method series)

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Electronic Calibration

• Easy to use
• Accurate
• Quick results
• Not open to misinterpretation
• More expensive option

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Rotameters

• Cheap option
• Simple to use
• Accuracy can vary
• Open to misreading
• Come as ball or float reading
• FSD

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Surface and Skin Monitoring

• Monitoring the redness, hydration and epidermal
  waterloss of skin can be a useful measure of
  exposure

• Monitor the surfaces where exposure occurs for
  cleanliness
• Niosh 9102.

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Ventilation Systems

• Regular checks should be made that your
  ventilation system is working correctly

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Any Questions?