Technical Terms We Cant Avoid

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Technical Terms We Cant Avoid
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Contents

• Network components
• TCP/IP
• IP-address
• Gateway
• Domain Name System
• Nameserver

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Network Components
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• Client - software that allows files and printers
  to be shared with other network computers.
• Adapter - hardware device that physically
  connects your computer to the network.
• Protocol - "language" a computer uses to
  communicate over a network. Computers must use
  the same protocol to communicate with each other.
• Service - One type of service enables you to
  share your files and printers with other people
  on the network. Examples of other services are
  automatic system backup, remote registry, and
  network monitor agent.

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• Client
• Microsoft Network, Novell Netware,
• Windows NT Workstation

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• Adapter
• ethernet card, wireless LAN card, dial-up
  adapter, radio-modem card, etc.

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• Service
• file sharing, printer sharing, system backup,
  personal web server

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TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol

• basic communication language of the Internet. It
  can also be used as a communications protocol in
  private networks called intranets and in
  extranets.

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TCP/IP is a two-layered program

• Transmission Control Protocol
• higher layer
• manages the assembling of a message or file into
  smaller packets that are transmitted over the
  Internet
• reassembles the packets into the original
  message.

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Internet Protocol (IP)

• lower layer
• method or set of rules by which data is sent from
  one computer to another on the Internet.
• handles the address part of each packet so that
  it gets to the right destination.

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IP address
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IP-address

• example 208.160.242.35
• Unique
• scarce
• 4 octets (8-bit-bytes)
• value of each octet 0-255
• classes of networks (A,B,C, CIDR)

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• Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet
  has at least one address that uniquely identifies
  it from all other computers on the Internet. When
  you send or receive data (for example, an e-mail
  note or a Web page), the message gets divided
  into little chunks called packets. Each of these
  packets contains both the sender's Internet
  address and the receiver's address.

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• Return-Path
• Received from rmit.EDU.AU (tardis.its.rmit.edu.au
  131.170.2.30)
• by kuanyin.isiswomen.org (8.8.7/8.8.7) with
  ESMTP id TAA26756
• for Sun, 6 Jun 1999 193804
  0800
• Received from ems.rmit.edu.au (ems.rmit.edu.au
  131.170.2.134) by rmit.EDU.AU
  (8.8.8/8.7.3/ram4/ANTI-SPAM/ANTI-RELAY/VOGA) with
  SMTP id NAA27352 for Sun, 6
  Jun 1999 133242 1000 (EST)
• Received from INTERNET-Message_Server by
  ems.rmit.edu.au
• with Novell_GroupWise Sun, 06 Jun 1999 133118
  1000
• Message-Id
• X-Mailer Novell GroupWise 5.5
• Date Sun, 06 Jun 1999 133052 1000
• From "Justina Curtis"
• To
• Subject greetings from netcafe on sarawak
  river...
• Mime-Version 1.0
• Content-Type text/plain charsetUS-ASCII
• Content-Disposition inline
• Content-Transfer-Encoding 8bit
• X-MIME-Autoconverted from quoted-printable to
  8bit by kuanyin.isiswomen.org id TAA26756

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Gateway
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Gateway

• network point that acts as an entrance to another
  network.
• the Internet is made up of gateway nodes and host
  nodes.
• computers of network users and the computers that
  serve content, such as Web pages, are host nodes.
  
• computers that control traffic within your
  company's network or at your local Internet
  service provider (ISP) are gateway nodes.

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Domain Name System
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Domain Name System
The domain name system (DNS) is the way that
Internet domain names are located and translated
into IP (Internet Protocol) addresses. A domain
name is a meaningful and easy-to-remember
"handle" for an Internet address. Because
maintaining a central list of domain name/IP
address correspondences would be impractical, the
lists of domain names and IP addresses are
distributed throughout the Internet in a
hierarchy of authority.
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• Domain Name
• a domain name locates an organization or other
  entity
• on the Internet.
• Example kuanyin.isiswomen.org
• kuanyin host server
• .org the part of the domain name that reflects
  the purpose of the organization or entity, also
  known as top level domain name
• isiswomen part of the domain name defines the
  organization or entity and together with the
  top-level is called the second-level domain name.
  Also known as second-level domain name, this is
  the "readable" version of the Internet address.

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• top level identifies geographic or purpose
  commonality .com, .net, .org, .net,
  .gov .kr, .ph
• second level identifies a unique place within the
  top level domain and is, in fact, equivalent to a
  unique address on the Internet (or
  IP). isiswomen
• lower levels of domain may also be used.

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type on browser address barhttp//www.isiswome
n.org
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type on browser address barhttp//208.160.242.
35
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type on browser address barhttp//kuanyin.isis
women.org
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Nameserver

• converts natural names to IP-numbers
• converts IP-numbers to names
• example
• isiswomen.org 208.160.242.35
  kuanyin.isiswomen.org

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• type on browser address bar
• http//www.networksolutions.com/cgi-bin/whois/whoi
  s/

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More information

• History of the Internet (non-Technical)
• http//www.isoc.org/internet/history/
• Answers to What is questions
• http//whatis.com/index.htm
• DNS discussions
• http//www.isoc.org/internet/issues/dns/
• http//www.ispo.cec.be/eif/dns/conclusions.html

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More information

• APNIC (Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre
• http//www.apnic.net/index.html