Atami BNM Workshop Conclusion

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Atami Summary
????
Atami(onsen)
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616), Japans most famous
shogun who brought the whole country under his
rule, liked to visit Atami. He was so impressed
by the quality of the hot spring that he ordered
barrels of water to be hauled back to Edo
(present day Tokyo) at immense effort and
expense.
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A slide from Alexey Drutskoy
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Why three generations ? String Theory ? (e.g.
P.Binetruy et.al., hep-th/0509157 J.Phys G.32
129 (2006)) Larger Symmetry Groups ? (see
Kubos talk) Experiments with quarks or heavy
leptons? This question is probably too hard
more tractable questions..
Fundamental Questions in Flavor Physics
Are there New Physics Phases and New sources of
CP Violation Beyond the SM ?
Experiments b?s CPV, compare CPV angles from
tree and loops
Are there new operators with quarks enhanced by
New Physics ?
Experiments AFB(B?Kl l), B?K ? rates and
asymmetries
Are there right-handed currents ?
Experiments b?s ? CPV, B-gtVP? or B?V V
triple-product asymmetries
Are there new flavor changing neutral currents ?
Experiments b?s ??bar, D-Dbar CPVmixingrare,
t???
These questions can be answered at a Super B
Factory.
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New Physics Flavor Problem
Yuval Grossman, Tim Gershon
New Physics (SUSY, extra dimensions etc.) has
new particles with new couplings and phases
These new particles induce FCNC. If there is no
non-trivial flavor structure, current results
would suggest the new physics scale is 10000 TeV.
(not accessible at LHC)
If there is new physics at the 1 TeV (0.1 TeV)
energy scale, then it has a highly non-trivial
flavor structure.
Minimal flavor violation (MFV) not a worst case
scenario, you have made a great discovery. There
is a new symmetry !
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Lessons of History I

• New Physics is usually discovered first in
  loop processes, which involve high mass virtual
  particles. (Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle)

Example I Absence of KL??? allowed theorists to
deduce the existence of the charm quark. The rate
of K mixing allowed a rough determination of the
charm mass.
Example II The absence of b?s decays and the
long B lifetime ruled out topless models. Large
Bd mixing showed the top was heavy contrary to
theory prejudices of the time. Radiative
corrections from Z measurements determined the
rough range of the top mass.
Vtd
Vtd
Beautiful and precise measurements of the top
quark mass at the Tevatron. However, the
couplings Vts, Vtd, and most importantly the
phase of (Vtd) cannot be measured in direct top
production.
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Nishida DNA Identification of new physics
Examine correlations between flavor physics
observables
(Also see talks by Goto, Kubo, Eigen)
Popularized by Hazumi and Hitlin
M. SpiropuluararXiv0801.0318
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Warning Satirical Biology Article in Nature
Nature 451, 498 (24 January 2008)
doi10.1038/451498a Published online 23 January
2008 SuperB Janet Wright1 Top of
page Abstract Raise a glass to world domination.
     The SuperB virus spread like wildfire
which was funny, really, because we'd put it in
the water. Forty years I spent perfecting it,
while people were laughing behind their hands.
Poor drunken old Dr J, mad as a bat in her dusty
old lab, doing her useless antiviral work. Or so
they thought. They're not laughing at me now,
are they? Once we'd perfected SuperB, my
dedicated little group scattered it around the
globe. The virus was sprinkled into the
headwaters of the Nile, dripped into remote
springs and slipped directly into the water glass
of a particularly irritating politician.
Released into reservoirs, SuperB was lifted into
the clouds to fall on fields and gardens. It was
sipped from bottles by yuppies and from streams
by goat-herders. And it was so powerful that a
few drops of rain turned an entire well into a
SuperB reservoir.
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High Luminosity at Japanese Hot Springs
B Factory
Super B factory
Talks by Sakai, Gershon, Ohnishi, Biagini,
Nakanishi
1035
1036
2 x 1035
8 x 1035
Time?
Laboratory resources?
Water Temperature?
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No Soft Landing at 1035
Message to KEK administration
From Tim Gershon_at_Atami
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KEK Web page
(5 Year Plan)
Sakais talk
20 page report
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KEKs 5 year Roadmap

• Official 20 page report released on January 4,
  2008 by director A. Suzuki and KEK management
• KEKBs upgrade to 2x1035 in 3x years is the
  central element in particle physics. (Higher
  luminosity is not excluded in any way but is
  limited by future funding)
• Will be finalized after recommendations by the
  Roadmap Review Committee (March 9-10).
• Membership Young Kee Kim, John Ellis, Rolf
  Heuer, Jon Rosner, Andrew Hutton and reviewers
  from material science
• and other fields.
• Super-Belle (and Super KEKB) is an open
  international project.

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New site next to Frascati (Tor Vergata)
Conceptual Design Report has been finished. Intl
Review committee in progress.
Beam size

TDR in 2010
Question 39 nanometer beam spot in y, 6 microns
in x. Is this possible in a real 2-3 km
circumference multi-orbit machine ?
Talks by Biagini, Gershon
(Collaboration on beam dynamics with Agoh, Ohmi,
Ohnishi)
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Very Important Test of the crab waist at DAFNE
Brillant and deep idea from P. Raimondi, first
proposed in Hawaii
Expect x 2 from crab waist
But will not test nanometer beams
M. Biagini
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non-linear effects and machine errors
Ohnishi
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Talks by Nakanishi, Ohnishi
commissioning
No longer science fiction (proposed 30 years ago
Palmer/Oide)
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Emerging competition and interaction with LHCb
and eventually superLHCb
Construction almost final. Detector Commissioning
ongoing
Calorimeters
Magnet
Muon detector
RICH-2
OT
RICH-1
VELO
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fs from Bs? J/??
Muheim, Wilkinson
CERN-LHCb-2006-047
Casey from Tevatron

• Analysis Method
• B ? VV mode
• Angular analysis
• ?s Sensitivity
• studied at ?ms 20 ps1
• Yield 131k Bs ?J/?? signal events per 2 fb1
  (1 year)
• Expected precision ?(sin ?s) 0.023 2
  fb1 ?(sin ?s) 0.042 0.5 fb1?(sin ?s)
  0.010 10 fb1

hep-ph/0604112 hep-ph/0509242
NP Phase
Talks by Casey, Renga Do not neglect Upsilon(5S)
analyses
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LHCb can explore New Physics in Bs?mm-
MSSM
SM
SM

• Highly suppressed in SM
• Prediction BR(BS?mm-) (3.860.15)?109
• could be strongly enhanced in SUSY
• Constrained MSSM
• BR(BS?mm-) tan6?/MH2
• Predicts much largerBR(BS?mm-) a few 10-9 to
  10-7
• Muon anomalous magnetic moment g-2
• ?a? (25.2 9.2) 10-10 (BNL)
• disagrees with SM at 2.7?
• predicts gaugino mass m1/2 in range 250 - 650
  GeV
• Current best limit
• from CDFD0 is BR(BS?mm-) lt 5.8?108 (95 CL )

BR(BS?mm)
10-7
0.5 fb1 ? exclude BR down to SM signal 2 fb1
? 3? evidence of SM signal 10 fb1 ? gt5?
observation of SM signal
10-8
10-9
m1/2 GeV
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We need better theory to find NP phase and
amplitudes in CKM fits
Itoh
plum
bamboo
3 different scenarios for lattice and theory
improvement
pine
Eigen Use SU(3) symmetry and conservatively scan
theory uncertainties
Itoh, Stewart, Flynn
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What we dont know that we dont know
In the strong interaction and in the weak
interaction
Foggy forest in Nagano
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One Example of the Surprises at the current B
Factories

• Many narrow unanticipated new particles
• Although the strong interaction is
  well-understood, these particles were not
  predicted in the Physics Reports, Yellow Books,
  review committees and workshops that preceded the
  B factory..

Could there be surprises in the weak
interactions of quarks ?
Lesson for the LHC ?
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From the major Japanese newspapers on Nov 10
M 4433 4 1 MeV G tot 45 17 30 MeV
Nsig 124 31 evts
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Expectations for non-B Bar decays of Upsilon(5S)
(OZI Suppressed)
G ? 20.5 MeV
G ? 110 MeV
Gee ? 0.27 keV
Gee ? 0.13 keV
But Kai-Feng Chen and Anatoly Sokolov look
anyways
Seen by BaBar, Belle
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Surprise There are huge signals
?(3S) pp-
?(5S) ? ?(nS) pp-, ?(1S) KK-
3.2 s
?(2S) pp-
?(1S) pp-
square box gives 3.9 s
?(1S) KK-
4.9 s
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OZI decays 2 orders of magnitude too large !
Assume ?(5S) ?(5S)
PDG value taken for ?(nS) properties
N.B. Resonance cross section 0.302 0.015 nb at
ECM 10.87 GeV
PRD 98, 052001 (2007) Belle
?(2S) ? ?(1S) pp- 6 keV ?(3S)
0.9 keV ?(4S)
1.8 keV ?(5S)
580 keV
Wei-shou Hou

• Is this really the ?(5S), or is there something
  else
• e.g. a Yb state that overlaps with it? (like the
  Y(4260)).

BELLE-CONF-0774, hep-ex/0710.2577
Last week of December 2007 run for 10 days
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Where is the ground state bottomonium ?b ?
Talks by Roberto Mussa, Hajime Muramatsu
Tests theory and is the highest priority of the
quarkonium working group (QWG)
Which Upsilon(nS) is best ? Inclusive or
exclusive ? What are the hadronic modes of the ?b
?
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Hunting dark matter or light Higgs in ?(nS) decays
High precision check of lepton universality in
dilepton decays
Light Higgs signature
Talks by Mussa, Muramatsu
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Kuzmin Do not neglect ISR. You may discover new
particles e.g. Y(4260), and even constrain
special kinds of new physics
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2007 was the year of D0 mixing
But not reported by the New York Times,
Washington Post
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D0? KK- / pp-
Talk by Marko Staric
PRL 98, 211803 (2007), 540fb-1
Belle
c2/ndf1.084 (ndf289)

Difference of lifetimes visually observable
yDG/(2G)
3.2 s from zero (4.1 s stat. only)
Also confirmed by BaBar
Evidence for D0 mixing (regardless of possible
CPV)
negligible CPV, yCPy
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BaBar D-mixing Signal in D0?K?-

• Fit results

RD (3.030.160.10)x10-3 x2
(-0.220.300.21)x10-3 y (9.74.43.1)x10-3
xDm/G
yDG/(2G)
The quantities x, y are rotated versions of x,
y The rotation angle is an unknown strong phase
WS mixing fit projection in signal region 1.843
GeV/c2 lt m lt 1.883 GeV/c2 0.1445 GeV/c2 lt ?m lt
0.1465 GeV/c2
CDF confirmation as well
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Current status of D0 mixing
semileptonic, Kp-, Kspp, yCP, Kp-p0, Kp-pp-,
?(3770)
Beijing charm workshop, Nov 2007
Belle,BaBar,CLEO combined
Large mixing is established. (may be compatible
with high end of SM predictions)
yDG/(2G)
x
xDm/G
(Anticipated by Yuval G et al.)
Why is D0 mixing important for Super B Factories ?
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Another new physics CPV phase !
Talk by Marko Staric
CPV in D system negligible in SM
CPV in interf. mix./decay

The existence of D mixing (if x is
non-zero) allows us to look for another
unconstrained NP phase but this time from
up-type quarks. (compare to CPV in Bs mixing
Casey, Renga, Muheim, Grossman)
Current sensitivity 200, 50 ab-1 go below 20
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More lessons from history (II)
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
----------- "A special search at Dubna was
carried out by E. Okonov and his group. They did
not find a single KL ? ? ?- event among 600
decays into charged particles 12 (Anikira et
al., JETP 1962). At that stage the search was
terminated by the administration of the Lab. The
group was unlucky." -Lev Okun, "The
Vacuum as Seen from Moscow" ----------------------
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
BF 2 x 10-3
Another failure of imagination ?
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What the data might look like at 50 ab-1

Gershon Treasure chest of Golden NP observables.
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New Physics at 50 ab-1
NB Constraints from trees and boxes do not agree
NP phase in b?d
Nishida
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Extrapolation B g fK0 at 50/abwith present WA
values
Nishida, Gershon
MC
J/?K0
This would establish the existence of a NP phase
fK0
Compelling measurement in a clean mode
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History III finding NP in AFB (using
interference)
Conclusion There is a Z at higher energy even
though colliders did not have enough E to produce
it
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Ali, Mannel, Morozumi, PLB273, 505 (1991)
2 s from SM ?
386M
229M
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Find the Zero Crossing of AFB(B?K l l-)(q2)
Yoshikawa new observables CP and non-CPV
Morozumi (new AFB , CP in ??K ??)
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Matsuzaki, Morozumi, Gonalez-Springberg, Gershon,
Nishida, Goto
??µ?
MC
Signal for ? LFV
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Wise words from one of the discoverers of CP
violation
At any one time there is a natural tendency among
physicists to believe that we already know the
essential ingredients of a comprehensive theory.
But each time a new frontier of observation is
broached we inevitably discover new phenomena
which force us to modify substantially our
previous conceptions. I believe this process to
be unending, that the delights and challenges of
unexpected discovery will continue always.
Val Fitch, Nobel Prize Speech 1980
BNM 01 Talk
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Atami Conclusion
???????
Maybe we should do this more than once a decade ?
We would like to thank the local Nagoya, NWU, and
KEK organizers, especially Imai-san, for an
excellent and stimulating meeting.