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Bleach

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Enzyme inactivation enters cell and interacts with cytoplasmic enzymes ... Benzalkonium chloride was the earliest 'Quat' also known as BAC. Quenching ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Bleach


1
Bleach
  • Mechanism
  • Enzyme inactivation enters cell and interacts
    with cytoplasmic enzymes
  • Particularly sulfhydryl enzymes by HOCl

2
(No Transcript)
3
Halogens
  • Chlorine hypochlorites
  • Iodines
  • Tincture of iodine
  • Iodophores
  • Chlorine liberating cpds (1960s)

4
Bleach
  • Mechanism
  • Enzyme inactivation enters cell and interacts
    with cytoplasmic enzymes
  • Particularly sulfhydryl enzymes by HOCl

5
Chlorine Bleach
  • NaOCl H20 HOCl NaOH
  • HOCl H OCl (hypochlorite ion)
  • Hypochlorous acid
  • Efficacy depends on pH of solution

-
OH

-
6
Quats
  • Mechanism of Action
  • Protoplasmic poisons or protein coagulants
  • Denature proteins
  • Alter permanence of cell wall allowing leakage
  • Temperature coefficient
  • Irritants

7
Quats
  • N atom saturated at four valences with four
    different organic residues
  • Bound to covalently and anionically
  • usually Cl or Br
  • Linked to cationic portion by electrovalent
    bonding

8
Benzalkonium Chloride
  • Benzalkonium chloride was the earliest Quat
    also known as BAC
  • Quenching
  • Pseudomonas infections in patients

9
Ethanol and Isopropanol
  • Adding Isopropyl alcohol to ethanol increases
    bacteriocidal properties
  • Methanol is not very bacteriocidal
  • Mechanism
  • Denatures bacterial proteins

10
Alcohols
  • Mechanism of action
  • Dissolves lipids
  • Denatures proteins
  • Flammable
  • Irritates and dries skin

11
Iodophors
  • I2 tincture or solution has been used as long as
    bleach
  • Complexes with surfactant or carrier
  • Cationic
  • Anionic
  • Non-ionic

12
Betadine
  • Polyvinyl pyrovidone iodine
  • Povidone iodine
  • 1 available I2 150ppm

13
Wescodyne
  • Iodine Detergent
  • 1.6 available I2
  • Recommendations for dilution
  • 3 ounces to 5 gallons H2O 75ppm
  • Mechanism
  • Iodization of protein residue cpds.
  • Complex with sulfhydryl group and amino acids

14
Germicidal Properties
  • Elemental iodine I2
  • May hydrolyze to form
  • I2 H2O HOI I
  • I2 H2O H2OI I

15
Aldehydes
  • Formaldehyde (Formalin 37 HCHO)
  • 37 (wt) formaldehyde and gas in H20
  • 10 methanol added to inhibit spontaneous
    polymerization of monomeric formaldehyde

H H C O HOH HO-C-OH H
H
16
Other aldehydes
  • Paraformaldehyde linear polymer of monomeric
    HCHO
  • When heated sublimes and liberates pure HCHO gas
  • HCHO also present in organic residues melamine
    HCHO

17
Aldehydes Glutaraldehyde
  • Broad spectrum, pH dependent
  • Pungent,irritant, toxic
  • Cold sterilant 

World Health Organization
National Institutes of Health

18
Gluteraldehyde
CH2-CH(OH)2
CH2
CHOH
CH2-CHO
H2O (OH)
CH2
CH2
CH2
O
CH2-CHO
CH2-CH(OH)2
CH2
CHOH
  • Has tendency to polymerize
  • pH increases
  • Short shelf life 28 days
  • Optimal pH 7.5 8.5

19
Bleach
  • Mechanism
  • Enzyme inactivation enters cell and interacts
    with cytoplasmic enzymes
  • Particularly sulfhydryl enzymes by HOCl
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