Dos

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Dos Dont of Concrete Construction Inspection

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Concrete Certifications
Concrete Field Testing Concrete Laboratory
Testing Reinforced Concrete Special
Inspector Transportation Construction
Inspector Inspector in Training Flatwork
Finisher Flatwork Technician Strength
Testing Aggregate Testing
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Concrete Materials

• Composition of Concrete
• Water
• Cement
• Categories. Type I
• . Type II
• . Type III
• . Type V
• Aggregates

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Concrete Materials

• Composition of Concrete
• Water
• Cement
• Categories
• Aggregates3/8 to 11/2
• Clean, uniform and well-graded

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Concrete Materials

• Admixtures
• Air-entraining
• Water-reducer.Low Range
• Mid Range
• .High Range
• Retarding
• Accelerating

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Concrete Mixture

• Criteria
• Workability
• Consistency
• Durability
• Strength
• Mix design

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Review Submittals

• Date
• Producer and plant
• Job
• Contractor
• Type and source of cement
• Class and source of fly ash

• Water content and max. W/C
• Admix types/sources
• Size and source of Agg. (Sp.Gr. and Absorption)
• Quantities of all materials

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Review Submittals

• Class of concrete and descriptive details
• Proof of strength
• Trial Batch (s)
• Statistical record
• Aggregate qualification tests
• Any special testing required under the project
  specification
• Shrinkage
• Sulfate resistance
• Chloride ion content

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Know Class of Concrete Specified Division 03304
Cement Content
Design Strength
W/C
Air
Slump

• 2000
• 3000
• 4000
• 5000
• 6000
• 7000

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Review Certificates of Compliance

• Cement ASTM C 150, C 595 or C 1157
• Chemical analysis
• Tricalcium aluminate (C3A)
• 8 max. for type II
• 5 max. for type V
• Alkali content
• 0.6 for low alkali cement
• Physical testing
• Fineness
• Compressive strength
• Set time
• Soundness

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Review Certificates of Compliance

• Fly ash ASTM C 618
• Chemical
• LOI (max. 6)
• Calcium
• Alkalis
• Physical
• Pozzolanic activity
• Fineness
• Foam index (not required)

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Review Certificates of Compliance

• Admixtures ASTM C 494, C 260
• Aggregates
• General acceptance
• ASTM C 33 compliance
• Current tests
• Specific gravity and absorption
• Sieve analysis
• Moisture contents

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Mix Design Approval

• Final approval by the Project Engineer is
  required.
• Special attention to
• W/C
• Cement Type
• Aggregate source, size and gradation
• Statistical record of strength or trial batch
  results
• Any special requirements

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Review Strength Requirements

• Average of 30 tests with Standard Deviation
• 1 in 100 tests expected below fc per ACI 214
• Glitch in current APWA spec
• Calls for ACI 301/318 (1 in 100 to be not more
  than 500 psi below fc)
• Pay reduction schedule in place for lots below
  fc by even a few psi- with rejection of entire
  lot at more than 400 psi (engineers option).

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Check W/C
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Review Plant Certifications

• UDOT and APWA require NRMCA equivalent
  certification
• UDOT requires a quality management plan
• ACI certified personnel on site
• Plant inspector may ask to review current status
  of management plan

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Know Type of Batching

• What type of plant is it ?

Pre-mix
Dry batch
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Check Materials at Batch Plant

• Cement
• Does the spec require certification with each
  load?
• Is a sample needed?
• If so, is it properly labeled and stored?
• Fly ash and other admixtures

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Check Materials at Batch Plant

• Aggregates
• Proper size?
• Are gradations up to date?
• Bins properly labeled?
• Moisture content
• Probe or physically determined
• Are compensations (final weights) valid?
• Loader operator.

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Check Admixtures

• Dosage
• Efficiency adjustments
• Air dosed as needed
• WRA dosage may need to be changed
• High range dosage adjustments
• Dispenser condition and accuracy

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Check Batching Equipment

• Condition of equipment- NRMCA certification
• Scale and water meter accuracy and calibration
• Moisture meter
• Slump adjustments
• Hot water requirements
• Batch sequence
• Time requirements
• Is the batch print-out working?-Can you read it?

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Check Delivery Ticket

• Date and time loaded
• Producer and plant
• Job
• Contractor
• Type and source of cement
• Class and source of fly ash

• Water content and (W/C) and tempering water
  permitted
• Admix types/sources
• Size and source of Aggregates
• Quantities of all materials

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Check Transit Mix Trucks

• NRMCA certification
• Fin cleanliness and condition
• Water meter condition
• Revolution counter
• Hopper wash-down
• Mixing time
• Mixing speed
• Does the driver know what mixing speed is?
• Is the truck empty?

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AT the Project

• Inspection and Testing

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Conduct Pre-Construction Meeting

• Inspectors and testers should attend
• Mix selection
• Timing of loads
• What slump is needed ?
• Where will samples be taken ?
• Point of sampling
• Access
• Sample storage
• Who is responsible for accepting or rejecting?

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Delivery Tickets

• Review to determine
• Truck meets agency requirements
• Proper mix has been delivered
• Time of batching
• Water limit for tempering

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Testing

• Know where all tests will be performed and where
  tests specimens will be stored.
• Perform all tests within proper time limits

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Conduct Acceptance Tests

• Sampling Fresh Concrete C 172
• Temperature C 1064
• Concrete
• Air
• Slump C 143
• Air Content
• Pressure method C 231
• Volumetric C 173
• Unit Weight C 138
• Compressive Strength Cylinders C 31 C 39

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Maintain Testing Records

• Accuracy
• Record exact locations for concrete in the
  structure or pavement.
• Record data according to the specifications
  (decimals etc.) NO rounding of numbers for air
  content and unit weight.
• Record slump to ¼ inch.

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Testing Records

• Reporting
• Record all data as soon as possible.
• Testing information is not top secret.
• Should be shared- quality control needs feed-back
  to function properly.
• C 94 requires that the cylinder test reports be
  shared with the concrete producer in a timely
  fashion.

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Acceptance

• Concrete must meet the specification requirements
  for slump, air, temperature, age and compressive
  strength
• Know who is responsible for product rejection
  (for slump or air out of spec)
• Know the protocol.
• Be prepared to use some judgment.
• Try to get a consensus

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Placement

• Reinforcing steel
• Formwork
• Conveying equipment
• Consolidation methods
• Finishing
• Technique
• Appearance

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Proper Curing is Essential

• Maintaining
• Moisture Content of Concrete
• Temperature
• Maximize Hydration of Portland Cement
• Maximize Properties of Hardened Concrete

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Effect of Adequate Curing on Hardened Concrete
Early Cracking Eliminated
Strength Gain Accelerated
Wear Resistance Greatly Improved
Durability Greatly Improved
Watertightness Greatly Improved
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Curing

• Method
• Satisfactory moisture content
• Duration
• Weather considerations

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Summary

• Proper concrete mix design
• relies on the individual characteristics and
  condition of the ingredients of the concrete mix
  
• is influenced by the proportioning and by the
  amount of water added to the cement/aggregate mix