Software: Systems and Application Software

1
Software Systems and Application Software

• Chapter 4

2
Principles and Learning Objectives

• When selecting an operating system, you must
  consider the current and future needs for
  application software to meet the needs of the
  organization. In addition, your choice of a
  particular operating system must be consistent
  with your choice of hardware.
• Identify describe the functions of the 2 basic
  kinds of software.
• Outline the role of the operating system
  identify the features of several popular
  operating systems.

3
Principles and Learning Objectives

• Do not develop proprietary application software
  unless doing so will meet a compelling business
  need that can provide a competitive advantage.
• Discuss how applications software can support
  personal, workgroup, and enterprise business
  objectives.
• Identify 3 basic approaches to developing
  applications software and discuss the pros and
  cons of each.

4
Principles and Learning Objectives

• Choose a programming language whose functional
  characteristics are appropriate to the task at
  hand, taking into consideration the skills and
  experience of the programming staff.
• Outline the evolution of programming languages.
• The software industry continues to undergo
  constant change users need to be aware of recent
  trends and issues to be effective in their
  business and personal life.
• Differentiate among the five generations of
  programming languages.

5
An Overview of Software

• Computer program - sequences of instructions for
  the computer
• Documentation - describes program functions
• Systems software - coordinates the activities of
  hardware programs
• Applications software - helps users solve
  particular problems

6
The Importance of Software in Business
7
Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational
Goals
8
Operating Systems
9
Operating Systems

• Perform common hardware functions
• Provide a user interface
• Provide hardware independence
• Manage system memory
• Manage processing
• Control access to system resources
• Manage files

10
The Role of the Operating System
11
Common Hardware Functions

• Accept keyboard input
• Store data on disks
• Send data to output devices

12
User Interface

• Command-based interfaces
• Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

13
Hardware Independence
14
Memory Management
15
Processing Tasks

• Multitasking - more than one program can run at a
  time using a single processor
• Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously
  use the resources of a single processor
• Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or
  tasks

16
Access to System Resources

• Protection against unauthorized access
• Logins and passwords

17
Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Workgroup Operating Systems

• Netware
• Windows NT Server 4.0
• Windows 2000 Server
• Unix
• Red Hat Linux
• Mac OS X Server

20
Enterprise Operating Systems

• IBMs OS/390
• HPs MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with
  integrated POSIX)
• IBMs z/OS
• Linux

21
Consumer Appliance Operating Systems

• Windows CE.NET
• Mobil Linux
• Windows XP Embedded
• Handheld PC
• Pocket PC
• Palm OS

22
Nokia 7650
23
Utility Programs
24
Types and Functions of Applications Software
25
Sources of Software
26
Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf
Software
27
Personal Application Software
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Personal and Application Software
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Personal and Application Software
30
TurboTax
31
Quicken
32
Word Processing
33
Spreadsheet Analysis
34
Database Applications
35
Graphics Programs
36
On-Line Information Systems
37
Software Suite
38
Major Components of Leading Software Suites
39
Workgroup Application Software

• Groupware
• Collaborative computing software

40
Group Scheduling
41
Examples of Enterprise Application Software
42
Enterprise Application Software
43
Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors
44
Programming Languages

• Commands and statements combined according to a
  particular syntax
• Different languages have different characteristics

45
Programming Languages
46
First-Generation Languages

• Machine language
• ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
  Interchange)

47
Second-Generation Languages

• Assembly languages
• Assemblers
• Symbolic language

48
Third-Generation Languages
49
Fourth-Generation Languages

• 4GLs
• Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not
  how to get them
• Examples SQL, SAS

50
Fifth-Generation Languages

• 5GLs
• Uses a visual or graphical development interface
  to create source language
• Examples Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual C

51
Object-Oriented Programming Languages

• Objects - data and actions that can be performed
  on the data
• Encapsulation - group items into an object
• Polymorphism - one procedure can work with
  multiple objects
• Inheritance - an object in a particular class
  gets attributes of that class

52
Object-Oriented Programming Languages
53
Software Issues Trends

• Software bugs
• Open source software
• Software licensing
• Software upgrades
• Global software support
• Antitrust issues for software

54
How to Deal with Software Bugs
55
Summary

• Software - consists of programs that control the
  workings of the computer hardware
• Operating system - set of computer programs that
  controls the computer hardware
• Application - software that applies the power of
  the computer to solve problems and perform
  specific tasks
• Programming languages - provide instructions to a
  computer to perform some processing activity