A New View: Active Regions with Hinode

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A New View Active Regionswith Hinode

• Taro Sakao (ISAS/JAXA)

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A New View Active Regionswith Hinode
Chiefly with the X-Ray Telescope (XRT)

• Taro Sakao (ISAS/JAXA)

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XRT Sciences
Imaging observation of the soft X-ray/XUV corona
with advanced imaging/temperature-diagnostic
capabilities
Vast varieties of active, or even non-active,
phenomena in the corona

• Photosphere-Corona connection
• Formation and heating of the coronaincl. energy
  transport, storage, and dissipation
• Outer-corona investigationextending to CME and
  solar wind investigations

An-order-of-magnitude increased exposure cadence
as compared to Yohkoh/SXT, particularly for
non-flare observations
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Temperature Diagnostics with XRT

• Optimized filter selection and layout
• Adjacent filter pairs for temperature
  diagnostics
• Both SXT-like and TRACE-like filters included in
  the set

Low temperature (?1 MK) diagnostics
High-temperature plasmas
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Scientific Location of Hinode XRT(Angular
resolution and temperature range)
Yohkoh/SXT (Full Sun)
Hinode/XRT (Full Sun)
Temperature range
2 MK
SoHO/EIT (Full Sun)
TRACE (Partial)
Angular resolution (CCD Pixel Size)
2.5
1
0.5
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Active Regions

• Transient activities in the corona
  Microflares, jets, ...
• Evolution of sunspots and their surroundings
  Magnetic structure and temperature structure
• Interaction with ambient regions Coronal holes
  and quiet regions
• Magnetic field evolution and energy storage
  Leading to flares and/or eruptions
• Coronal (loop) heating

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Transient Activities
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NOAA 10923
(Kano 2007)
a
d h
c
e
g
b
i
f

• Nine events occurred
• at 8 positions.

GOES Level stayed around A5
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Shimizu 1993, 2004
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Positions of Micro-flares
(Kano 2007)
(Shimojo 2007)
Point-like
Single-loop
Multi-loop
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Positions of Micro-flares
(Kano 2007)
(Shimojo 2007)
Point-like
Single-loop
Multi-loop
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(Kano 2007)
emerging
cancelling
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Jet Activities around an Active Region (NOAA AR
10923)
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Structure and Evolution around SunspotsMagnetic
and ThermalCoronal (Loop) Heating
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Light Bridges in Sunspot Umbra
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X-ray Loops Rooted on Light Bridges
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Occasional Brightening of X-Ray Loops Rooted on
the Light Bridges
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Filter Ratio Map with XRT (Reale et al. 2007)
4.0 MK
NOAA AR 10923 12 Nov. 2006
1.4 MK
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X-ray Loops around a Sunspot
XRT Thin-Be 14 Nov. 2006 212331 UT
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EUV Loops around a Sunspot
TRACE 171A 14 Nov. 2006 212330 UT
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Spatial Relationship between X-ray and EUV Loops
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Hinode/XRT Al/Poly
SoHO/EIT 171Å
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Lundquist 2007, Narukage 2007
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Magnetic Field Evolution for Energy Storage
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Loop Structure for an Impulsive Flare
X
M
C
(Thin-Be Filter)
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Vector Magnetic Field Evolution Towards a Major
Flare
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3??NLFF? (level 0 256x128)
(Kusano et al. 2007)

• ?????????????
• ????????????????????(????)
• ??????????

?S?????????
XRT2006.12.13 020818UT
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Interaction with Ambient Corona
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Interaction with Ambient Corona?
ARS Patrol Images 1119 July 2007 Ti/Poly 2.9-s
exposure FFI 2x2 binning
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22 Feb. 2007 180343 UT Al/Mesh 4s
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Continuous Upflow of Plasmas
- Apparent upflow velocity 140 km/s along
(apparently open) field lines. Subsonic
- Temperature 1.3 MK Density 2 x 109 /cm3

• Mass loss rate 2 x 1011 g/s Good fraction
  of mass loss rate by solar wind

(Sakao et al. 2007)
(Ti/Poly Filter)
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Variation from Average Intensity Distribution
Average Intensity Distribution for 22 Feb. 2007
1133 1740 UT
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Outflows from a Transient Coronal Hole assoc.
with a Flare (Imada et al. 2007)
FeXV 284 AIntensity
EIS Doppler Map
Blueshift in plage160 km/s
Ejection driven by flare
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Summary

• Hinode is going to provide unique sets of data
  for investigating physical (magnetic and thermal)
  properties of various active region phenomena,
  including, but not limited to, sunspot evolution,
  microflares and jets, thermal evolution and
  coronal heating, energy storage and release
  towards flares, and interaction with ambient
  coronal regions.

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Summary

• Magnetic data from SOT will serve as the backbone
  in understanding active region properties. In
  this regard, detailed comparison of coronal data
  from XRT and EIS with SOT magnetic data (together
  with their temporal relationships) is crucial for
  active region studies.
• More to come...