Change Analysis

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Change Analysis

• Land Cover Change in China, 1982 1992

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Introduction

• Review Change Analysis

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Introduction

• Review Change Analysis
• Describe AVHRR Data Set

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Introduction

• Review Change Analysis
• Describe AVHRR Data Set
• Case Study
• Land Cover Change in China

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Change Analysis

• Remote Sensing Background
• Change Detection Theory
• Change Detection Methodologies
• Change Detection Applications

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Background Issues

• Remote Sensing

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Background Issues

• Remote Sensing
• Land Cover Studies

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Background Issues

• Remote Sensing
• Land Cover Studies
• Vegetation Detection

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Vegetation Detection

• Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
• NDVI
• NIR Red / NIR Red

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Change Detection Theory

• Overview

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Change Detection Theory

• Overview
• Change / Background

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Background

• Differences in atmospheric conditions
• Differences in sun angle
• Differences in sensor calibrations
• Differences in spatial registration
• Extraneous factors

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Change Detection Theory

• Overview
• Change / Background
• Threshold

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Change Detection Theory

• Overview
• Change / Background
• Threshold
• Minimizing Background

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Change Detection Theory

• Overview
• Change / Background
• Threshold
• Minimizing Background
• Procedure

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Procedure

• Pre-processing of data
• Change detection procedure
• Threshold of change
• Resulting image, table,
• Presentation of results

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Change Detection Methodology

• Pairwise Comparisons
• Multiple Image Comparisons

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Change Detection Methodology

• Pairwise Comparisons
• Cross Classification
• Image Differencing
• Image Ratio
• Image Regression
• Change Vector Analysis

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Pairwise Comparisons

• Image Differencing
• (Image 3 Image 1 - Image 2 )
• (Change 1992 AVHRR 1982 AVHRR)
• Dxkij xkij (t2) - xkij (t1)

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Change Detection Methodology

• Multiple Image Comparisons
• Image Deviation
• Temporal Profiling
• Principal Components Analysis

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Change Detection Methodology

• Principal Components Analysis
• Set of Image In
• Reconfigured Set Out
• Based on Variance Explained
• Output for Each Component
• Graph Image

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Change Detection Applications

• Environmental Applications
• Global Change Applications
• Hazards Applications
• Agricultural Applications

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Case Study Land Cover Change in China

• Study Area
• AVHRR Data
• Change Detection Methodology
• Results / Conclusion
• Future Research

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NOAA - AVHRR Data

• NOAA
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• AVHRR
• Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

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NOAA - AVHRR Data

• Platform Characteristics
• Sensor Characteristics
• Data Characteristics
• Data Issues
• Applications

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Platform Characteristics

• NOAA Satellite Series
• Meteorological Satellite
• 850 km Altitude
• Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbit
• 1430 Overpass Time (-7, -9, -11, -14)

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Sensor Characteristics

• Wide Instantaneous Field of View
• 2800 km Wide Swaths
• Daily Coverage
• 5 Channels of Data

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Data Characteristics

• Temporal Resolution daily
• Spatial Resolution 1.1 km
• Spectral Resolution 5 Channels
• Data History 1981 present

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AVHRR Channels

• Optical
• Channel 1, red (0.58-0.68 µm)
• Channel 2, near infrared (0.725-1.1 µm)
• Channel 3, middle IR (3.55-3.93 µm)
• Thermal
• Channel 4 (10.5-11.5 µm)
• Channel 5 (11.5-12.5 µm)

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Data Issues

• Solar Zenith Angle and Illumination
• Map Projections and Navigation
• Satellite (Sensor) Drift
• Satellite Calibration
• Satellite Changeover
• Atmospheric Disturbance - Cloud Cover

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Data Applications

• Meteorological Applications
• Oceanographic Applications
• Terrestrial Applications
• Vegetation Analysis
• Global Change Studies

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Vegetation Analysis

• NDVI - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
• NIR Red / NIR Red
• MVC - Maximum Value Composite
• GVI - Global Vegetation Index

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Goodes Projection
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January
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February
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March
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April
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May
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June
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July
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August
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September
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October
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November
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December
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Research Data

• Pathfinder AVHRR Landcover (PAL) data
• PAL Monthly MVC 8km (1982 1992)
• Finer scale LAC, and TM data
• Ancillary Data (China Maps, Field Work)

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Data Issues

• Time Frame of Data
• Access to Data
• Noise in Data
• Data Projection
• Raster Vector Data
• Multiple Scales

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Methodology

• Data Formatting
• Monthly MVC Data, Annual Average Data
• Principal Components Analysis
• Time Series Analysis
• Simple Differencing
• Annual Average Data
• Nested Scales

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The Research

• Data Formatting
• Different Scenario Analysis
• Pursue Most Promising
• Validate Results
• Interactive Discussions
• Conference Papers
• Presentation

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The Results

• Principal Components Analysis Results
• Simple Differencing Results
• Areas of Declining NDVI Forest cover
• Areas of Increasing NDVI Cultivated land
  Grasslands

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The Results
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Land Cover Change 1982 - 92
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Further Research

• Land Cover Change in China in the 1990s
• Photosynthetic Biogeography of China
• Land Cover Change in the Middle East 1982 1999
• Visualization of Data

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