IMT2000 System Overview

1

• IMT-2000 System Overview
• Youngnam Han
• ICU
• Tel [phone]
• Fax [phone]
• E-mail ynhan_at_icu.ac.kr

2
Contents

• Introduction
• Market Forecast
• Standardization of IMT-2000
• Standard Organizations
• Standards by ITU-R 18th Meeting
• FDD-CDMA Features of WCDMA cdma2000
• TDD-CDMA System
• Status for IMT-2000 in Korea
• System Development
• Standardization
• System Implementation
• Conclusions

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Introduction

• Known as FPLMTS with the same system concept as
  the UMTS of ETSI for creating a globally
  compatible public mobile system
• A multi-function, multi-service,
  multi-application digital system that will use
  end-of-the-century technology to support
  universal roaming and offer broadband multimedia
  services requiring up to 2 Mb/s throughput
• Minimum capability set
• Indoor 2Mb/s
• Indoor to Outdoor/Pedestrian 384 Kb/sec
• Mobile 144Kb/sec

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• An opportunity to exploit 2 GHz band with a
  unified and universal personal mobile
  telecommunication system for multi-operator
  environment
• System based on a single or a multiple standard
• Frequency allocation
• 230 MHz in the frequency band of 1885 2025
  MHz, 2110 2200 MHz with 19802010 MHz and
  21702200 MHz for satellite (WRC-92)
• Current allocation of frequency bands requires
  frequency band harmonization worldwide
• Asymmetric bandwidth allocation(140 MHz, 90 MHz)
  results in FDD and TDD mode of operation
• Additional global identification of 160 MHz based
  on recent market forecast (ITU-R SG8/1)

5
Spectrum Allocation
ITU/R Korea
MSS
IMT-2000
ETSI (EU)
UMTS
MSS
IMT-2000
MSS

Japan
PCS
MSS
MSS
USA
2200 MHz
1800
2100
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2150
MSS Req.2, DECT, UMTS/DECT, UMTS, PHS
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• Service Categories
• Mobility services
• Terminal mobility
• Location information
• Interactive services
• conversational service real time end-to-end
  information transfer
• message service store-and-forward, mailbox
  and/or message handling
• retrieval and storage service
• Distributive Service
• One-to-Multi point transmission (Multicasting)
• Broadcasting
• Telecommunication Services

7
Market Forecast
Users in Million
Data excerpt from UMTS Forum News letter
8
Standardization Milestones in ITU-R

• Call For Proposal 97. 3
• Proposal Submission 97.3.-98.6.
• 11 Proposals for Terrestrial Systems
• Evaluation 97.10.-98.9.
• REVAL(RTT Evaluation)
• Harmonization 97.10.-99.3.
• RKEY (RTT Key Technologies)
• Specification 99.1.-99.12.
• 5 RSPCs(RTT Specifications) for terrestrial and 2
  for satellite at 18th Helsinki Meeting
• Release 99

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• Final Approval of Radio Standards May 00
• Approval by Radio communication Assembly
• Decision on Additional Spectrum June 00
• World Radio Conference-2000
• Additional releases of IMT-2000 Specifications
  with Updates and Enhancements 2000 Onwards
• Modifications by SDOs
• Release 2000 2000.12.

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ITU-R RTT Proposals

• Terrestrial components
• IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread UTRA FDD or WCDMA
• IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier cdma2000
• IMT-2000 CDMA TDD UTRA TDD and TD-SCDMA
• IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier UWC-136
• IMT-2000 TDMA Multi-Carrier (FDMA/TDMA) DECT
• Satellite components
• Satellite Radio Interface A Specification
• SW-CDMA UTRA FDD or WCDMA
• Satellite Radio Interface B Specification
• W-C/TDMA ETSI by Y2000

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Standard Development Organizations(SDOs)

• 3GPP 3GPP2
• Established based on ITU-T/R family concept
• 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project)
• Global specifications for GSM/MAP network
  evolution to 3G and the UTRA RTT System based on
  ETSI UMTS WCDMA FDD TDD
• 3GPP participants ETSI, ARIB/TTC, TTA, T1P1
• 3GPP2
• Global specifications for ANSI/TIA/EIA-41 network
  evolution to 3G and global specifications for the
  RTTs supported by ANSI/TIA/EIA-41
• 3GPP2 participants TIA, TTA, ARIB/TTC, ETSI

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Standard Development Organizations(SDOs)

• OHG(operators harmonization group)
• Harmonization of CDMA technologies proposed to
  ITU-R early 1999
• Proposed system through harmonization
• MC CDMA based on cdma2000
• DS CDMA based on WCDMA with 3.84 Mcps
• TDD mode based on WCDMA/TDD with 3.84 Mcps
• G3G(global 3rd generation) Standards

Specification with hooks
Dec. 1999
DS/FDD TDD
Feb. 2000
Extensions for ANSI-41
Mar. 2000
Specification with hooks
MC
Extensions for GSM
Jun. 2000
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G3G Modular Protocol Structure
14
Footprints to IS2000
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Footprints of WCDMA
Europe
Japan
CoDiT (Code Division Test Bed)
Wideband CDMA by NTT DoCoMo
Wideband CDMA by ETSI
WCDMA
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Modular IMT-2000 Harmonization G3G
3G Family Roaming
Ntwk to Ntwk Interfaces
Evolved ANSI-41
IP-based Networks
Evolved GSM(MAP)
Flexible Connection between RTT Modes and Core
Networks based on operator needs
TDMA MC
CDMA TDD
TDMA SC
WCDMA (DS)
cdma2000 (MC)
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Systems Comparison
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3GPP(WCDMA FDD)
3GPP2(cdma2000) Detection FL Coherent(Co. Pilot
Ch.) Coherent (Co. Pilot Ch.) RL
Coherent(Pilot Symbol) Coherent (Pilot
Channel) Power Ctrl FL CL(1.5Kb/s, SIR of CPCH)
CL(800b/s,SIR of CPCH) RL OL
CL OL CL Multi-rate VSF
Multi-code VSF Rate Detection Var. length
rate info. Blind(Fund.ch.),
Scheduled(Sup.ch.) Rate Matching Symbol Rep.,
puncturing Seq. Sym. Rep. DTX
Puncturing Coding TCH Conv. /K9,
r1/2, 1/3 Conv./K9, r1/4,1/3,1/2 Turbo(32
k and up) Turbo(16k and up) CCH Conv.
/K9,r1/2 Conv./K4, r1/4(RL)
K9, r1/2(FL) RA Method AiSMA with pwr ramp
Reservation MA Fwd. Tx. Div. TxAA
STD(CL), OTD(OL)
STTD TSTD(OL)
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Characteristics of WCDMA/FDD(DL)

• BS asynchronous system
• Cell searcher through synchronization codes
• Transmission diversity
• Performance enhancement
• OL STTD, CL combined TxAA and STD
• Dedicated pilot symbol
• power estimation for fast down link power control
• Pilot estimation for adaptive beam forming
• TFCI(transport format combination indicators)
• Rate information transmission

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Characteristics of WCDMA/FDD(DL)

• Efficient power control timing
• one power control group delay
• Channelization by orthogonal variable spreading
  factor codes
• Turbo codes for traffic channel bit rate of 32K
  and up
• High service flexibility with support of multiple
  parallel variable-rate services on one connection
  (voice and data simultaneously)

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Characteristics of WCDMA FDD (UL)

• Coherent detection with pilot/TPC/TFCI
• Performance enhancement
• Improved reverse link power control performance
  with continuous pilot
• Hearing-aid problem resolution for voice service
• AiSMA(acquisition indication sense MA)
• Acquisition indication based random access
  mechanism with preamble power ramping
• Slotted ALOHA /CD
• Improving throughput via acquisition indication
  transmitted by BS
• Capacity increase through interference reduction
  by preamble access

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Characteristics of WCDMA FDD (UL)

• Spectrally efficient modulation
• HPSK(OCQPSK)
• Combination of QPSK and p/2 BPSK in phase
  constellation
• Peak-to-average ratio reduction by 1 dB
• TFCI
• Efficient power control timing
• one power control group delay
• Channelization by OVSF Code
• Turbo codes for traffic channel bit rate of
• 32K and up

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Inter-frequency Handover
WCDMA Key Feature Handover
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Characteristics of cdma2000 (FL)

• Multi-Carrier DS/CDMA
• 1.2288 Mcps per 1.25 MHz carrier with N carriers
• Auxiliary pilot
• Beam forming for adaptive array antenna
• Forward transmit diversity
• OTD(Orthogonal Transmit Diversity)
  Multicarrier
• Transmit Diversity
• Quick paging channel (QPCH)
• Significantly prolongs standby time of MS in
  slotted
• mode
• Orthogonal forward link channels with Walsh
• functions

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Characteristics of cdma2000 (FL)

• QPSK data modulation
• doubles the number of Walsh channels
• Quasi-orthogonal function
• With code shortage (e.g. due to DCCH usage)
• Forward error correction
• Convolution codes (K9) for voice and low rate
  data
• Turbo Codes(K4) for data rates above 14.4 kb/s
• Fast forward power control
• 800 Hz update rate
• Common pilot PCB based measurement

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Characteristics of cdma2000(RL)

• Coherent link with parallel pilot /PCB channel
• Modulation HPSK(OCQPSK)
• Code multiplexed channels by Walsh codes
• Orthogonalization
• Pilot/PCB channel
• Fundamental channel voice, low rate data,
  signaling
• Supplemental channel high rate data
• Up to 2 supplemental channels
• Dedicated control channel MAC control,
  signaling
• RsMA(Reservation MA)
• Improved packet transmission

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cdma2000 MC Mode

• MC Deployment
• Orthogonality maintained on FL enables overlay of
  wider bandwidth on top of 1.25 MHz system
• cdma2000 MC extensions
• cdma2000 3X MC FL and cdma2000 1X RL
• cdma2000 3X MC
• Coupling 1X and 3X together
• MC FL can be sent through different PAs, which
  dont have intermodulation between them
• Asymmetric traffic characteristics can be taken
  into account
• Less out-of-band interference

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cdma2000 MC Mode
1.25MHz
RL
0
1
5
6
7
8
2
3
4
9
10 MHz
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cdma2000 MC Mode

• cdma2000 Multi-Carrier Extensions

FL
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TDD-CDMA System Concepts

• Reciprocity of forward and reverse channel
• Both MS and BS use a single frequency channel

time
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• Cell radius
• Guard time length limited by transmission delay
• Cell radius limited by the round trip delay

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Features of TDD-CDMA

• Benefits
• Pre-Rake
• Antenna Diversity
• Open loop power control
• Problems
• Synchronization and interference to outage
• adjacent MSs with different asymmetries
• adjacent BSs with the same frequency band
• UMTS WCDMA/FDD and WCDMA/TDD
• FDD Large cells, high mobility with moderate
  data rate
• TDD Small cells, low mobility with high data
  rate and asymmetric service

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• HCS TDD cell overlaid onto a FDD cell
• Potential interference problems to outage
• Overall system capacity increase w/o additional
  BW allocation
• Handover between TDD and FDD

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Research Development Issues

• Radio Channel Model
• Various environment
• Indoor, Indoor/Outdoor and Pedestrian,Vehicular
• Millimeter Wave Propagation
• Radio Transmission Technology
• Physical Layer
• Spreading Direct Sequence and Multi-carrier
• Fast cell search techniques WCDMA
• Channel coding (Turbo Code) for multimedia
  traffic
• Robust decoding algorithm
• Power Control Fast forward power control
• MAI reduction techniques
• Adaptive array antenna (beam forming)
• Interference cancellation techniques

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• Radio Resource management
• Idle Mode Tasks
• Cell Selection/reselection
• Location Registration
• Call Admission Control
• RRC Connection Mobility Handover
• Inter-frequency handover
• Intersystem handover (e.g., 2G to and from 3G)
• Radio Bearer Control
• Control UE and system resources
• Resource Allocation Code allocation
• Power management
• Radio link surveillance for Tx diversity mode
  selection

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• Optimal operation
• Optimal parameter selection
• Hierarchical cell structure
• Overlay cell (various 3Gs, IS95 and 3G)
• Hot spot cell
• Networks
• Wireless ATM
• Mobile IP (Mobile Internet) to All IP
• Future Radio System Concepts
• Software Defined Radio(SDR)
• Cognitive Radio

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Status of IMT-2000 in Korea

• System Development
• Project for a prototype system development
• finished with a system based on Global CDMA I
  (similar to IS-2000) by ETRI
• Grand Consortium supported by MIC and Industries
  including Motorola and Ericsson in 1996
• Project for a system development based on W-CDMA
• Started in September, 1999 at ETRI
• Consortium supported mainly by Industries
  including
• 2 Supporters for infrastructure development
  Samsung, Hyundai
• 3 Supporters for mobile unit Samsung, Hyundai,
  and PanTech

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• Implementation scenario
• Milestone announced by MIC (Sept. 1999)
• June 00 Decision will be made on the number of
  Licensees and method of allocating spectrum bands
• September 00 Call For Proposal
• December 00 License awarding with frequency
  allocation
• January 02 Launching IMT-2000 Service
• May 02 (World cup Soccer Game) Nationwide
  Commercial Service
• Issues to be resolved
• Debate on the service category
• License awarding process
• Frequency auction
• Beauty contest

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Conclusions

• CDMA Technology Trends
• Narrowband DS/CDMA(IS-95) to Wideband DS/CDMA and
  MC-DS/CDMA(W-CDMA, IS2000)
• Averaging Effect (more widespread)
• How to achieve widespread
• MC(Multi-carrier) or DS(Direct Sequence)
• Inter BS Synchronization
• Synchronous (GPS)
• Asynchronous cell search by codes

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Conclusions

• Open Questions
• Service characterization
• Revolution or evolution
• Need more carriers into the field of wireless
  communication ?
• Spectrum allocation
• How many operators for IMT-2000?
• Future reuse of 2nd Gen. bands The
  identification of existing 2nd gen. bands for
  IMT-2000 according to market evolution

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• Additional Issues
• Additional spectrum for IMT-2000 (UMTS)
• Global harmonization minimum of 160 MHz
  additional spectrum for terrestrial component and
  2500-2520/2670-2790 MHz for MSS allocation
• 2520-2670 MHz is considered the best candidate
  with part(s) of the band 2700-2900 MHz a
  possible global candidate
• 403 MHz for Y2005 and 582 MHz for Y2010 estimated
  by EU
• Time of Deployment