19th Advanced Summer School in Regional Science

1
19th Advanced Summer School in Regional Science

• An introduction to GIS using ArcGIS

2
Outline

• First Day
• Introduction to GIS using ArcGIS
• Training with ArcGIS
• Overview and more advanced directions
• Training with ArcGIS
• Second Day
• GIS topics with ArcGIS Raster and other data
• Training with ArcGIS
• Overview and advanced data manipulation
• Training with ArcGIS

3
Early (1507) GIS
Martin Waldseemüller Map
4
GIS Programs

• Is GIS a map? Is a map GIS?
• Collect, organize and relate spatial and
  non-spatial data
• Measure and calculate variables in a spatially
  sensible fashion
• Make inferences and test hypotheses about
  relationships that might have spatial structure,
  and about the spatial structure itself
• Map can be viewed as a limited GIS
• GIS is more than mapping visual display of
  spatial information
• Mapping does not necessarily permit
  measurement/calculation
• Mapping rarely ventures into inference or
  hypothesis testing
• Complete GIS implemented using computer programs
• Combined graphics editing, database, statistical
  analysis
• This course is focused on use of ArcGIS
• There are many other programs worth exploring

5
There is a free way

• http//www.freegis.org

6
Google Earth

• Particularly useful for data display

7
ArcGIS

• ArcGIS is a suite of programs for working with
  spatial data
• Three core workhorse programs
• ArcCatalog
• ArcMap
• ArcToolbox
• Three useful extras
• ArcReader
• ArcScene
• ArcGlobe
• ArcGIS itself comes in 3 levels view, editor and
  info

8
ArcCatalog

• View folder contents
• Connect to and navigate drives/folders
• Launch other ArcGIS applications

9
ArcCatalog

• Preview GIS data
• Examine Metadata
• Search and preview online data
• Load data layers into ArcMap

10
ArcMap

• The central workspace for analysis an display of
  geographic data
• Table of Contents
• Tools
• Map

11
ArcMap

• Layers
• ArcMap and all advanced GIS programs adopt
  layers for managing data display
• Layers display can depend on scale
• Layers can be switched on or off
• Layers can be moved up or down
• Layers can be of any data type

12
ArcToolbox

• Launched from ArcCatalog using red toolbox
• Provides data and file utilities
• Conversion
• Projection
• Analysis

13
ArcToolbox

• For simple projects these tools are often not
  required
• For large projects with many layers using data
  from many sources, they can be very useful
• Essential for managing projections and coordinate
  systems
• Raster combinations, clipping
• Conversions

14
Working with spatial data

• Each component of ArcGIS is designed to
  facilitate the use and analysis of spatial data
• Structure of spatial data
• We have choice of which type to use

Spatial Data
Vector Data
Raster Data
15
Data Types Vector

• Vector data ideal for representation of discrete,
  discontinuous data
• Location of a city or structure
• Location of a roadway or river
• Political boundaries
• These examples correspond to the three general
  types of vector data

16
Data Types Vector

• Vector
• Points
• Lines
• Polygons

17
Data Types Raster

• Raster represents spatial data as square array of
  numbers
• Each element of array associated with a pixel
• Each pixel has a location spatial structure
• Value of array element represents data at that
  location
• Rasters are natural for representing certain
  types of data
• Elevation
• Slope
• Temperature
• Other continuous variables
• Rasters can be used for representing some
  discontinuous data as well
• Transport costs
• Land Use

18
Data Types Raster

• Rasters provide direct representation of value,
  not shape
• Represent continuous variables or data over space
• Patterns of values can represent shape
• Land forms and other structures emerge via
  patterns

19
Data Files

• Vector data and raster data require different
  file formats
• In ArcGIS, vector data are mostly stored in two
  formats
• Shapefiles (older format wide compatibility)
• GeoDatabase (newer format more information)
• What is the structure of a shapefile?

20
Shapefiles

• A group of files having the same prefix but
  varying file extensions
• Required
• .shp - the file that stores the feature geometry.
  Required.
• .shx - the file that stores the index of the
  feature geometry. Required.
• .dbf - the dBASE file that stores the attribute
  information of features. Required.

21
Shapefiles

• A group of files having the same prefix but
  varying file extensions
• Optional
• .sbn and .sbx - the files that store the spatial
  index of the features.
• .prj - the file that stores the coordinate system
  and projection information
• .xml - metadata for using shapefiles on the
  Internet.
• .fbn and .fbx read-ony indexes
• .ain and .aih - active field indexes

22
Shapefiles

• Viewed in Windows Explorer
• Viewed in ArcCatalog

23
Shapefiles

• Components of a shapefile are called features
• Each feature may have one or more attributes
• Feature attributes are recorded in dbf file
• Shapefiles can be created within ArcCatalog
• Right click on folder, choose New..Shapefile
• Shapefiles do not store topological information
• Polygons that must share boundaries
• Line segments that must be connected
• No automatic way to check if these have been
  disturbed or incorrectly entered

24
GeoDatabase

• GeoDatabase provides an extended format for
  vector data
• Microsoft Access mdb format
• 28 tables
• GDB_AnnoSymbols to
• GDB_ValidRules
• More type checking
• More checking of topology
• Conversion between formats is available in
  ArcToolbox

25
Structure of a GeoDatabase

• Standard information
• Feature Data
• Info about each field
• Additional information
• Topological information
• Data validation

26
Raster Files

• Files that include geographic location
• ESRI Grid
• Geo-TIFF
• BIL
• Files that present raster data but lack location
• jpg
• TIFF
• Many others

27
ArcCatalog Test Drive

• Preview Data
• View MetaData
• Create New Files
• Launch Toolbox
• Launch ArcMap
• Add Layers
• Connect to Internet
• Feature Servers
• Map Servers

?
?
?
?
?
?
?
28
ArcToolbox Test Drive

• Projection
• Conversion
• Indexing

?
?
?
29
ArcMap Basics

• Adding Map Layers
• Data Frame(s)
• Frame Properties and Layer Properties
• Features and Attributes

?
?
?
?
30
ArcMap Basics

• Handling Layers
• Symbology
• Transparency
• View at Map Scale

?
?
?
?
31
ArcMap Basics
?

• Selecting Features
• Controlling selection layers
• Creating new layer from selection
• Queries
• Basic information
• Attribute queries
• Spatial queries
• Calculating New Attributes
• Exporting Data

?
?
?
32
ArcMap Basics

• Adding Data Frames
• Working with Layout View
• Scales, Titles and Legends

?
?
?
33
ArcMap Intermediate Data

• Joining Data
• One to one
• One to many
• Relating Data
• Creating Point Shapefile from Data
• Editing Data
• Creating
• Merging
• Modifying