Health and Inequalities

1
Health and Inequalities

• A Historical Perspective

2
Institutional Creation

• Hospital and Charitable Aid Act 1885
• Social Security Act 1938

3
Values and Assumptions on Wellbeing

• 1885-1938
• 1900-1945
• 1938-1972
• 1960-1984
• 1984-1996
• 1996-Present

4
Charity 1885-1938

• Deserving Underserving
• Dependency
• Free-market
• Better Britain
• Demographic realities
• Medicine and science

5
Race Protection 1900-1945

• Biological sciences
• Medicine and pscychology
• Social Darwinism
• Eugenics
• Medical technology
• Inclusive

6
Family Welfare State 1938-1972

• Biological basis
• Physical needs
• Science
• medicine and public policy
• Family
• Needs
• Idealised
• Dignity and universal access
• Maori
• Disability and non-conformity

7
Rights-Based 1960-1984

• Individual welfare state
• Participation
• Diversity
• Universal
• Crisis

8
Consumer Welfare 1984-1996

• Individualism
• Equity to targeting
• Competition and market driven
• Rights-based consumerism
• Diversity and choice (provision)
• Decline of scientific consensus
• Policy rationalism
• Reducing the role of the state

9
The present

• Charity
• Illness as self abuse and incentives
• Lowering the cost of the welfare state
• Treaty and Welfare State
• Universal health system/targeted welfare system
• Expanded need
• Globalisation