BIBLIOGRAFIA de referencia

1
BIBLIOGRAFIAde referencia

• Bernard J. Hamrock, Elementos de máquinas. Ed. Mc
  Graw Hill.
• Robert L. Norton, Diseño de máquinas. Ed.
  Prentice Hall.
• Shigley, Diseño en Ingeniería Mecánica, Ed. Mc
  Graw-Hill

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Load, Stress and Strain
When I am working on a problem, I never
think about beauty. I only think of how to solve
the problem. But when I have finished, if the
solution is not beautiful, I know it is
wrong. Richard Buckminster Fuller
Image A dragline lifts a large load in a mining
operation.
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A Simple Crane
Figure 2.1 A simple crane and forces acting on
it. (a) Assembly drawing (b) free-body diagram
of forces acting on the beam.
text reference Figure 2.1, page 30
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Load Classification
Figure 2.2 Load classified as to location and
method of application. (a) Normal, tensile (b)
normal, compressive (c) shear (d) bending
(e) torsion (f) combined
text reference Figure 2.2, page 31
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Sign Convention
Figure 2.3 Sign convention used in bending. (a)
y coordinate upward (b) y coordinate downward.
text reference Figure 2.3, page 32
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Lever Assembly
Figure 2.4 Lever assembly and results. (a) Lever
assembly (b) results showning (1) normal,
tensile, (2) shear, (3) bending, (4) torsion on
section B of lever assembly.
text reference Figure 2.4, page 33
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Supports and Reactions
Table 2.1 Four types of support with their
corresponding reactions.
text reference Table 2.1, page 35
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Ladder Free Body Diagram
Figure 2.5 Ladder having contact with the house
and the ground while having a painter on the
ladder. Used in Example 2.4. The ladder length
is l.
text reference Figure 2.5, page 36
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External Rim Brake and Forces
Figure 2.6 External rim brake and forces acting
on it. (a) External rim brake (b) external rim
brake with forces acting on each part. (Linear
dimensions are in millimeters.)
text reference Figure 2.6, page 38
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Sphere and Forces
Figure 2.7 Sphere and forces acting on it. (a)
Sphere supported with wires from top and a spring
at the bottom (b) free-body diagram of forces
acting on the sphere. Figure used in Example 2.6.
text reference Figure 2.7, page 38
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Beam Supports
Figure 2.8 Three types of beam support. (a)
Simply supported (b) cantilevered (c)
overhanging.
text reference Figure 2.8, page 39
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Simply Supported Bar
Figure 2.9 Simply supported bar with (a)
midlength load and reactions (b) free-body
diagram for 0ltxltl/2 (c) free body diagram for
l/2ltxltl (d) shear and bending moment diagrams.
text reference Figure 2.9, page 40
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Singularity Functions (Part 1)
Table 2.2 Six singularity and load intensity
functions with corresponding graphs and
expressions.
text reference Table 2.2, page 43
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Singularity Functions (Part 2)
Table 2.2 Six singularity and load intensity
functions with corresponding graphs and
expressions.
text reference Table 2.2, page 43
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Shear and Moment Diagrams
Figure 2.10 (a) Shear and (b) moment diagrams
for Example 2.8.
text reference Figure 2.10, page 44
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Simply Supported Beam
Figure 2.11 Simply supported beam. (a) Forces
acting on beam when P18kN, P25kN w04kN/m
l12m (b) free-body diagram showing resulting
forces (c) shear and (d) moment diagrams of
Example 2.9.
text reference Figure 2.11, page 46
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Example 2.10
Ø6mm
?25mm
Ø10mm
Figure 2.12 Figures used in Example 2.10. (a)
Load assembly drawing (b) free-body diagram.
text reference Figure 2.12, page 48
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Example
text reference Figure 2.12, page 48
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General State of Stress
Figure 2.13 Stress element showing general state
of three-dimensional stress with origin placed in
center of element.
text reference Figure 2.13, page 49
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2-D State of Stress
Figure 2.14 Stress element showing
two-dimensional state of stress. (a) Three
dimensional view (b) plane view.
text reference Figure 2.14, page 51
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Equivalent Stresses
Figure 2.15 Illustration of equivalent stresss
states (a) Stress element oriented in the
direction of applied stress. (b) stress element
oriented in different (arbitrary) direction.
text reference Figure 2.15, page 52
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Stresses in Oblique Plane
Figure 2.16 Stresses in oblique plane at angle ?.
text reference Figure 2.16, page 52
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Mohrs Circle
Figure 2.17 Mohrs circle diagram of Eqs. (2.13)
and (2.14).
text reference Figure 2.17, page 55
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Results from Example 2.13
Figure 2.18 Results from Example 2.13 (a)
Mohrs circle diagram (b) stress element for
principal normal stresses shown in x-y
coordinates (c) stress element for principal
stresses shown in x-y coordinates.
text reference Figure 2.18, page 57
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Mohrs Circle for Triaxial Stress State
Figure 2.19 Mohrs circle for triaxial stress
state. (a) Mohrs circle representation (b)
principal stresses on two planes.
text reference Figure 2.19, page 59
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Example 3.5
Figure 2.20 Mohrs circle diagram for Example
3.5. (a) Triaxial stress state when ?123.43
ksi, ?24.57 ksi, and ?30 (b) biaxial stress
state when ?130.76 ksi and ?2-2.760 ksi (c)
triaxial stress state when ?130.76 ksi, ?20,
and ?3-2.76 ksi.
text reference Figure 2.20, page 60
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Stresses on Octahedral Planes
Figure 2.21 Stresses acting on octahedral
planes. (a) General state of stress. (b) normal
stress (c) octahedral shear stress.
text reference Figure 2.21, page 61
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Normal Strain
Figure 2.22 Normal strain of cubic element
subjected to uniform tension in x direction. (a)
Three dimensional view (b) two-dimensional (or
plane) view.
text reference Figure 2.21, page 64
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Shear Strain
Figure 2.23 Shear strain of cubic element
subjected to shear stress. (a) Three dimensional
view (b) two-dimensional (or plane) view.
text reference Figure 2.23, page 65
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Plain Strain
Figure 2.24 Graphical depiction of plane strain
element. (a) Normal strain ?x (b) normal strain
?y and (c) shear strain ?xy.
text reference Figure 2.24, page 66
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Circular Bar with Tensile Load
Figure 4.10 Circular bar with tensile load
applied.
text reference Figure 4.10, page 149
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Twisting due to Applied Torque
Figure 4.11 Twisting of member due to applied
torque.
Hipotesis de Coulomb secciones transversales
circulares, permanecen planas. Principio de
Saint Venant secciones transversales no
circulares.
text reference Figure 4.11, page 152
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Bending of a Bar
Figure 4.12 Bar made of elastomeric material to
illustrate effect of bending. (a) Undeformed
bar (b) deformed bar.
text reference Figure 4.12, page 156
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Bending in Cantilevered Bar
Figure 4.13 Bending occurring in cantilevered
bar, showing neutral surface.
text reference Figure 4.13, page 157
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Elements in Bending
Figure 4.14 Undeformed and deformed elements in
bending.
text reference Figure 4.14, page 157
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Bending Stress Distribution
Figure 4.15 Profile view of bending stress
variation.
text reference Figure 4.15, page 158
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Example 4.10
Figure 4.16 U-shaped cross section experiencing
bending moment, used in Example 4.10.
text reference Figure 4.16, page 159
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Curved Member in Bending
text reference Figure 4.17, page 161
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Curved Member in Bending
Condición sumatorio de esfuerzos en el rn0
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Curved Member in Bending
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Cross Section of Curved Member
Figure 4.18 Rectangular cross section of curved
member.
text reference Figure 4.18, page 162
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Example Cross Section of Curved Member

• Una sección transversal rectangular de un
  elemento curvo, tiene las dimensiones
• b 1 y hr0-ri3, sometida a un momento de
  flexión puro de 20000lbf-pulg.
• Hallar
• Elemento recto.
• Elemento curvo. r15.
• Elemento curvo. r3.

text reference Figure 4.18, page 162
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Tabla de Ganchos
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Example Cross Section of Curved Member

• Una sección trapezoidal de un elemento curvo,
  tiene las dimensiones
• ri10 cm
• F 125 kg
• Tadm1380 Kg/cm2
• Hallar valor de a.

text reference Figure 4.18, page 162
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Development of Transverse Shear
Figure 4.19 How transverse shear is developed.
text reference Figure 4.19, page 165
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Deformation due to Transverse Shear
Figure 4.20 Cantilevered bar made of highly
deformable material and marked with horizontal
and vertical grid lines to show deformation due
to transverse shear. (a) Undeformed (b) deformed.
text reference Figure 4.20, page 166
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Moments and Stresses on Elements
Figure 4.21 Three-dimensional and profile views
of moments and stresses associated with shaded
top segment of element that has been sectioned at
y about neutral axis. (a) Three-dimensional
view (b) profile view.
text reference Figure 4.21, page 166
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Maximum Shear Stress
Table 4.3 Maximum shear stress for different
beam cross sections.
text reference Table 4.3, page 168
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Strain Gage Rosette
Figure 2.25 Strain gage rosette used in Example
2.17.
text reference Figure 2.25, page 68