Feudal Europe and Japan

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Feudal Europe and Japan

• Post-Classical period

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Feudal Europe
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Fall of Rome

• 476 AD Rome invaded
• Adios to
• centralized govt
• Loss of Greek and Roman learning
• common language
• Transportation and communication halts

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Long-Term Effects

• Constant warfare and invasions
• Cities abandoned as economic and political
  centers
• Population becomes mostly rural
• Political, economic, and cultural face of Europe
  changes
• Feudalism develops

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The 4 Stages of Middle Ages in Europe

• Stage 1 (476-750)
• Several smaller kingdoms form after Rome
• Franks in France
• Visigoths in Spain
• Saxons in Germany
• No unity.
• Stage 2 (750-814) Holy Roman Empire under
  Charlemagne defeats Muslims who had invaded
  France through Spain.

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Stage 3 and 4

• Stage 3 (815-1050)
• Carolingian Empire falls apart
• Feudal system.
• Stage 4 (1050-1300)
• Rise of national monarchs
• First agricultural revolution allows for
  population increase.
• Trade resumes
• Cities repopulated.

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Origins of European Feudal System

• Central economic feature of Medieval Europe
  strong agricultural base for a warrior society
• Charles Martel (Carolingian Dynasty)
• grants nobles rights over tracts of land, to
  yield the income with which they can provide
  fighting men for his army
• requires an oath of loyalty in return (8th C)
• Full-fledged European system by the end of the
  10th C.

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What exactly is Feudalism anyway?

• System of land holding that dominated Western
  Europe
• Essential part of the political organization
  militarily and economically
• Appears to have origins in Germanic
  tribes?Frankish?

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European Feudal System

• System at the top
• King owned the land (manors) contracted to
  noblemen (lords/vassals)
• Fielty (aka Oath of Fidelity)
• Fief

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Feudalism for the Uppercrust

• Relationship based on
• Regular supply of troops (Castle Guard)
• Financial aid in exchange for the lands (from the
  vassals to the lord)
• Advice and participation in judgments (court
  service to the lord)

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Manorialism

• Large estates that were able to meet all of their
  own needs
• Smaller farmers ceded land to nobles for
  protection
• Made up of fields, a small town with a mill and
  workshops, a church, and a castle

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Feudalism for the masses

• Seignoralism Relationship between vassals and
  serfs
• They worked the vassals land and owed him a
  percentage of their food. Sometimes, they had to
  work 1-5 weeks a year in the manor, among other
  duties.
• He provided military protection.

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Feudal Social Pyramid

• Above all these, is the POPE

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Growth of Towns

• Late Middle Ages
• Developed near monasteries
• Formed by artisans, craftsmen, merchants
  (beginning of guilds) protection
• Formed near junctions of rivers, roads,
  ports?TRADE
• Created the Bourgeoisie

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NOT THE DARK AGES!

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NOT THE DARK AGES!

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NOT THE DARK AGES!
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Feudal Japan
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In Japan

• Not much is known about Japan until around the
  5th C. CE
• The evolution of SHINTO (the way of the
  spirits)native Japanese religion name adopted
  to distinguish it from Chinese influences
• Around the 5th/6th C, rapid adoption of Chinese
  influences in Japan
• Beginning around 1165, the feudal epoch?Shogun
  Period (Kamakura Period)

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Feudal Japan

• DECLINE of centralized government by the 11th C
• Bakufu
• Emperors still reigned, but didnt rule
  provincial lords named shoguns had power

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More about feudal Japan

• After the 11th C, the warrior-elite gave out land
  in exchange for gathering groups of retainers who
  owed loyalty service to the lords
• Samurai

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Shogunates

• Controlled the ineffective/puppet emperors
• Regional leaders families hereditary titles
• Reciprocal relationships with daimyos b/c of
  loyalty oaths and obligations

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Three Successive Shogunates

• 1st (Kamakura Bakufu) was weakened by Mongolians
  fell
• 2nd (Ashikaga Bakufu) became weakened by regional
  wars from 1467-1568
• 3rd (Tokugawa) after initial strengthening fell
  into total decline and ended by the 18th C.

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Feudal Japan
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Feudal Codes

• Bushido (Japan)
• Stressed
• Self-denial
• Indifference to adversity
• Generosity to the less fortunate
• Chivalry (Europe)
• Stressed
• Honesty
• Courtesy
• Defense of the helpless

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What are similarities between the two regions?

• Japan

• Europe