Anthropometric Assessment of Special Populations

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Anthropometric Assessment ofSpecial Populations
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What is a Special Population?

• One that can not be assessed by orthodox
  methodology
• Body Composition
• Tend to be very sample specific
• Anthropometric Assessment
• Are standardized techniques still valid in
  special groups

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Which Measures are OK?

• Validity Feasibility
• Can the standardized measurement position be
  achieved
• Recumbent or seated subjects
• Can other conditions of standardization be
  achieved
• Deformities or Contractures

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Seniors who can not stand

• Predicting Height from Knee Height
• Men
• 64.19 - (0.04 x age) (2.02 x Knee Height)
  
• Women
• 84.88 - (0.24 x age) (1.83 x Knee Height)
  
• Predicting Weight from Girths Skinfolds
• Men
• 1.92 (arm girth) 1.44 (calf girth) 0.25
  (subscapular skinfold) - 39.97
• Women
• 0.92 (arm girth) 1.50 (calf girth) 0.42
  (subscapular skinfold) - 26.19

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Norms Available?

• Cerebral Palsy vs Downs Syndrome
• Which groups warrant their own norms

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Treatment and Rehabilitation of Children with
cerebral palsy, brain injuries and other
neuromotor problems
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Pediatric Anthropometry

• Assessment of nutritional status of children.
• Children with developmental disabilities are at
  increased nutritional risk because of
• feeding problems,
• abnormal levels of physical activity
• and altered weight and growth patterns.

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Traditional Pediatric Nutritional Assessment

• Estimate energy expenditure from age, height
  and/or weight based on normal children
• Estimate total or basal energy levels
• Children with disabilities often have a
  correction made to estimated energy expenditure
  based upon experiential judgment by the
  practitioner.

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MISINTERPRETATION

• Fat, brain injured child gaining weight after
  drastic reductions in caloric intake
• Why was she still gaining weight?

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Cerebral Palsy

• Two main problems
• presence of muscular contractures, spasms and
  scoliosis often lead to inaccuracy for
  measurements of height or recumbent length
• body part splints, braces or wheelchair
  accessories do not permit easy access for
  anthropometric measures.

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Purpose of the SHAPES project

• Produce an assessment system using
• selected anthropometric measurements,
• custom computer analysis software to generate
  growth charts for each measurement for children
  1-18 years old.
• Applicable to even the most severely disabled
  child
• Economical to allow for use by practitioners in
  the community or in health centres / hospitals.

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CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MEASUREMENTS EQUIPMENT

• established standardized procedures
• relevance to either growth or nutritional status
• availability of normative data
• measurements can be done in different positions
• anthropometric equipment should be inexpensive,
  but reliable

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Which Measurements should be selected?
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SHAPES MEASUREMENTS EQUIPMENT
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• S.H.A.P.E.S. custom computer software
• serial plotting
• anthropometric profile

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Segment Lengths not Height

• Predict height from segment lengths?
• Should arm length, leg length and height
  percentile ratings be the same?

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SHAPES Website

• http//www.bcchildrens.ca/Services/SunnyHillHealth
  Ctr/Forprofessionals/S.H.A.P.E.S.htm