Adverbial Clause of Purpose

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Chapter 44

• Adverbial Clause of Purpose
• Relative Clause of Purpose

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Subordinate Clauses in English

• Subordinate clauses in English
• Are adverbial clauses telling when, where, why,
  how, under what conditions, or with what result
  the action of a main clause took place.
• Are introduced by subordinating conjunctions.
• The mood of the verb in a subordinate clause
  typically does not change

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Subordinate Clauses in Latin

• Subordinate clauses in Latin
• Are adverbial clauses telling when, where, why,
  how, under what conditions, or with what result
  the action of a main clause took place.
• Are introduced by subordinating conjunctions.
• The mood of the verb in a subordinate clause
  often changes to the subjunctive.
• The tense of the subjunctive is determined by the
  rule of sequence of tense.

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The Sequence of Tenses
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Adverbial Purpose Clause ut (cf. p. 205)
subjunctive
Nos veniemus ad refectorium ut edamus. (primary
sequence)
We will come to the refectory to eat. We will
come to the refectory in order to eat. We will
come to the refectory so that we may eat.
Veniebamus ad refectorium ut ederemus.
(secondary sequence)
We were going to the refectory to eat. We were
going to the refectory in order to eat. We were
going to the refectory so that we might eat.
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Adverbial Purpose Clause ut (cf. p. 205)
subjunctive negative ne
Ille fugiet ne vulneretur. (primary sequence)
He will flee so as not to be wounded. He will
flee so that he may not be wounded. He will flee
that he may not be wounded. He will flee lest he
be wounded. He will flee in order not to be
wounded.
Ille fugiebat ne vulneraretur. (secondary
sequence)
He was fleeing so as not to be wounded. He was
fleeing so that he might not be wounded. He was
fleeing that he might not be wounded. He was
fleeing lest he be wounded. He was fleeing in
order not to be wounded.
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Relative Purpose Clause qui subjunctive
Mittemus Gaium qui cibum obtinebit. (indicative)
We will send Gaius who will get the food.
Mittemus Gaium qui cibum obtineat. (primary
sequence)
We will send Gaius who is to get the food. We
will send Gaius to get the food.
Misimus Gaium qui cibum obtinuit. (indicative)
We sent Gaius who got the food. Misimus Gaium
qui cibum obtineret. (secondary sequence) We
sent Gaius who was to get the food. We sent
Gaius to get the food.
n.b. Mittemus Ikum ut cibum obtineat. Misimus
Ikum ut cibum obtineret.
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Purpose Clause With A Comparative quo
subjunctive
quo ablative degree of difference, cf. pp.
203-4
Dedimus eis tela quo fortius pugnarent.
We gave them weapons by which the more bravely
they could fight. We gave them weapons so that
they could fight more bravely.
Muros muniamus altos quo facilius urbs defendatur.
Let us build lofty walls by which the more easily
the city may be defended. Let us build lofty
walls so that the city may be defended more
easily.
n.b. Dedimus eis tela ut fortius
pugnarent. Muros muniamus altos ut facilius urbs
defendatur.
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Sententiae Antiquae
Dies dolorem minuit. Robert Burton 1577-1640 A
day diminishes grief. Flos unus non facit
hortum. Medieval One flower does not make a
garden. Mens et animus et consilium et sententia
civitatis posita est in legibus. Cicero Pro
Cluentio 53.146 The mind and attitude and
planning and feeling of the state have been put
in its laws. Haec prima lex amicitiae sanciatur,
ut ab amicis honesta petamus. Cicero De Amicitia
12.44 Let this first law of friendship be
hallowed, that from friends we seek honorable
deeds.