Theme Six The Other Side of the Coin: Process

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Theme SixThe Other Side of the Coin Process

• Shen Chen
• School of Education
• The University of Newcastle

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Questions

• What do we mean the content of L2 syllabus?
• What do we mean the process of L2 syllabus?
• Why do see content and process as two sides
  of one coin?
• How can we consider content and process at
  the same time?

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Process

• Pedagogy (GE)
• Approaches (GE/LE)
• Methods (LE)
• Techniques (LE)
• Strategies (GE)
• Activities (GE)

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Definition of Language Methods

• Approach theories of language and language
  learning
• Design objectives, syllabus, learner roles,
  teacher roles.
• Procedure learning activities and techniques.

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Questions

• What is Grammar Translation Method?
• What is Oral Approach and Situational Language
  Teaching?
• What is Direct Method?
• What is Audio-lingual Method?
• What is Communicative Approach?

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Do you know the following language teaching
methods?

• Grammar-Translation Method
• Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching
• Direct Method
• Audio-lingual method
• Communicative approach

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Problem Solving

• Group A focuses on Question 1.
• Group B focuses on Question 2.
• Group C focuses on Question 3.
• Group D focuses on Question 4.
• Group E focuses on Question 5.
• One representative should speak on behalf of your
  group.

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The Grammar Translation Method

• Detailed analysis of language grammar rules
• Application of this knowledge to translation
• Reading and writing are the major focus
• Bilingual vocabulary list based on reading text
• Sentence is the basic unit of teaching and
  learning
• Accuracy is emphasised
• Grammar is taught deductively
• L1 is the medium of instruction for teaching L2

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Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching

• Language teaching begins with the spoken language
• L2 is the language for the classroom
• New language points are taught situationally
• Essential vocabulary is covered
• Items of grammar are graded according to progress
• Reading and writing are introduced
• The knowledge of structures are linked to
  situations
• Behaviourist habit-learning
• Revision-presentation-oral drills-reading and
  writing

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The Direct Method

• Classroom instruction relies exclusively on L2
• Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught
• Focusing on oral communication skills
• Grammar is taught inductively
• Using objects and pictures to demonstrate words
• Speaking and listening are taught
• Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasised

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The Audio-lingual Method

• Aural-Oral approach practice makes perfect
• Language elements are taught in a rule-governed
  way
• Language can be described at any structure level
• Linguistic levels are taught of a system
• Language mastery relates to stimulus-response
  chains
• Dialogs and drills from the basis of class
  practices
• Various kinds of drills and pattern practice
  exercises
• Repetition-Inflection-Replacement
• Restatement-Completion-Transposition-Expansion
• Contraction-Transformation-Integration-Rejoinder

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Communicative Language Teaching

• Meaning is paramount
• Language learning is learning to communicate
• Communicative competence is the desired goal
• Linguistic variation is a control concept
• Sequencing is determined by content and function
• Language is created through trial and error
• Fluency and acceptable language is the primary
  goal
• Needs and motivation are taken into consideration
• Study basic communicative expressions in
  dialogues
• Discovery of rules underlying the function or
  structure
• From pre-communicative to communicative
  activities

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Tutorial questions

• How can we apply those ideas in our teaching
  process?
• Do you think the learning process matches
  teaching process?