Diapositiva 1

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DiAP, Politecnico di Milano G-Fors meeting in
Pécs 23.3.2007
5th step _ Interfaces/interactions
Governance arrangements
KnowledgeScapes
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What are the _main features of the problem? _main
attributes of the concerned community? _available
rules?
2nd step _
5th step_
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1.1 THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE PROBLEM
Monitoring multiple ecological indicators in 26
European cities a recent research promoted by
one of the most important Italian research
institute in the field of environment and
sustainability has shown that Milan is one of
the most critical environmental SITUATION in
Europe.

• 4th class
• maximum for year concentration of NO2, PM10
  consumption of water (l/inhab. A day) low
  presence of green areas (mq/ab.) and cycling
  pathways (m/100 inhab).
• 3rd class
• in terms of production of urban waste
  (kg/inhab. for year)
• 2nd class
• n of passengers/YEAR public transportation
• 1st class
• extension of the network of public rail
  transportation (m/100 ab.).

SOURCE Ambiente Italia, The Urban Ecosystem
Europe Report, Milano 2006.
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• OECD Report on the province of Milan
• confirms the problematicity of the situation for
  the area surrounding Milan
• in the list of the first 30 European cities based
  on values of pollution in 2005,
• Milan is at 29the place.
• After Moscow it is the most polluted city in
  Europe.
• In a classification of the quality of life in the
  world cities (OECD in 2005)
• Milan metropolitan area is at the 52nd place.

If we focus on the values of PM 10, Milan and the
surrounding area, have already passed the maximum
limit of days/per year with a concentration of PM
over the EU defined level, last 19th of
February. The criticality of the situation is
apparently well known. Both institutions and
public opinion are particularly concerned about
it
SOURCE OECD, Territorial Review Milan, Italy,
Paris 2006
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• CHANGING AVAILABLE RULES
• 2006 new Regional framework of action/Law
• Regional coordination initiatives
• Traffic ticket
• (city of Milan)
• Metropolitan Pact (Province of Milan)
• Growing pressures from public opinion
• economic incentives (State)

• 2001 failed referendum
• 1999 Regional Law
• Special powers to Milan mayor
• Episodic campaigns and initiatives
• .

2006 2007
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1.2 THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE PROBLEM context
In the last 30 years, the city of Milan has lost
almost 1/3rd of its inhabitants. They have moved
outside the city, in the surroundings
municipalities, or provinces looking for more
affordable houses and a better quality of
environment and life. The province of Milan in
the last twenty years has lost - 3,4
(2001-1981). The urban region composed by Milan
and other 8 provinces has gained 0,5 (Milano,
Lodi, Piacenza, Pavia, Novara, Varese, Lecco,
Como e Bergamo)
Time and costs of commuting have been substituted
to the growing costs of urban rent, thus
resulting in a impressive expansion of
metropolitan area.
This process of residential decentralisation has
been followed, and sometimes anticipated, by a
process of decentralisation of productive
activities, commercial centres.
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Intensification of movements with multiple
destinations growing traversal relations,
defining a less hierarchised network
complexification of everyday movements (2.55 per
person a day). enlarged rush hours (22 among 7
and 9 am), increasing time spent moving (1 h 12
minute declared average time) high use of public
transportation in the city of Milan (22,7 of
total, 62 from 8 to 9am 33 of which by metro),
The Province of Milan is the most important
attractor in the region with 44 of total
deplacements (Regione Lombardia, 2003).
All this is resulting in a high pressure on
infrastructures and public transportations, which
are both suffering a condition of crisis and at
the same time of high values of pollution due to
the use of private vehicles. On one side there
is a growing concern about the situation of
environmental pollution, on the other individual
behaviours keep reproducing it individual
adjustments to the crisis of living conditions
paradoxically reproduce the problem, while the
institutional frame is less and less able to cope
with the problem on the base of the existing
territoriality and sectorial structure of
policies.
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The 189 municipalities of the Province of Milan
and of the new province of Monza and Brianza
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Rilievo dei flussi di traffico sulla rete
stradale della provincia di Milano al 2006
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Rilievo delluso del trasporto pubblico nella
provincia di Milano ora di punta mattina
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Concentrazione di PM10 media annua calcolata
dallARPA per il 2006
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A moment of accelerationWidening public debate,
growing public concern among citizens and
institutions, not free from contradictions.
Changing available rules, trying to cope with the
urgency of the situation on the base of a more
systemic approach, at the same time having to
cope with the necessity of stressing the existing
policy approach (governance and knowledge)
Research hypothesis1. Frictions/contradictions
among everyday individual behaviours and
knowledge available and in use2.Stressed policy
arenachanging governance arrangements, changing
knowledgescapesin a stressed institutional
landscape
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Which are the _governance arrangements? _how they
are combined? _rules guiding interaction?
5th step_
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New available rules according to LR 24.2006
Region
Provinces
Identifying GOVERNANCE MODES gt as defined by
the law gt compared to the reality
enterprises
cities gt 40.000 inh / associations
social represen. others
cities capoluogo
Process of discussion and approval of the law
discourse analysis and interviews
tavolo permanente di consultazione
cabina di regia
Municipalities
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INSTITUTIONS
Region
gt producing the legal framework
Exploring the change from a HIERARCHY to a
NETWORK Governance Mode
Province
laws, official documents, press review discourse
analysis, interviews
State
gt Implementation
Municipalities
All local institutions on the same level /
different competences Lack of a metropolitan
government/ presence of special powers for Milan
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POLITICAL PARTIES
Region
gt Centre right coalition
Province
gt Centre left coalition
State
Municipalities
Political alliances among institutional actors
and problems of consensus
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INSTITUTIONS/ TOOLS FOR ACTION _ plans and
policies
Piano di indirizzi programma regionale di
interventi per il miglioramento della qualità
dellaria, but also
Region
Exploring knowledge in use and policies
(sectoriality and coordination)
Province
Piano Provinciale di Bacino della Mobilità e dei
Trasporti, Piano del Traffico e della Viabilità
Extraurbana, Piano sulla sicurezza stradale
documents, plans, discourse analysis, interviews
PUM, PGTU but also PGT
Municipalities
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INSTITUTIONS/ TOOLS FOR ACTION PUBLIC SOCIETIES
transportation/ infrastructures
FNM SCALA
Exploring governance modes
ASAM
documents, plans, discourse analysis, interviews
MM spa, ATM spa
FS AUTOSTRADE PER LITALIA
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A relevant innovation to be exploredChanging
institutional landscape the new regional law is
providing a new governance mode moving from a
hierarchy mode towards a networks mode
Research hypothesis3. from Hierarchy to
networksa difficult change to be verified,
also exploring the past 4. planning/tools for
actionunder stress or not?
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Which _knowledgescapes observable? _dominant
knowledge forms? _traces of reflective knowledge?
5th step_
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MAP OF ACTORS public bodies in charge for
research
ARPA (regional)

• Exploring roles
• in structuring knowledge
• in contributing to policies

Agenzia regionale protezione ambientale
documents, discourse analysis, interviews
AMA (Milan)
Agenzia per la Mobilità e lambiente
APAT (National)
Agenzia per la protezione dellambiente e dei
servizi tecnici
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AMA_MILANO/ production of knowledge and use in
policy design
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territory ?
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criticity ?
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A wide production of knowledgeon one side the
official knowledge, public and available, on the
other knowledge produced by different actors,
contesting the first or relaunching recursively
the debate or supporting new policies.
Research hypothesis5. evidence-driven policies
contested and researched the role of expert
knowledge6. focus on conflicts among different
forms of knowledge space for reflective
knowledge
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Who are the _actors involved (attributes)? _respec
tive knowledge holders? _modes of interaction?
5th step_
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New available rules according to LR 24.2006
Region
Provinces
Identifying GOVERNANCE MODES gt as defined by
the law gt compared to the reality
enterprises
cities gt 40.000 inh / associations
social represen. others
cities capoluogo
Process of discussion and approval of the law
discourse analysis and interviews
tavolo permanente di consultazione
cabina di regia
Municipalities
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MAP OF ACTORS other actors
Associations of interests
Trade unions

• Exploring roles
• in using/producing knowledge
• in producing policies
• interacting with institutions

Chamber of Commerce

• Universities
• politecnico,
• statale, ecc.
• Environmental research institutes
• Ambiente Italia
• CNR

documents, press review, discourse analysis,
interaction interviews

• Third sector/ civic society
• Chiama Milano
• Meglio Milano
• Mamme Antismog
• Legambiente
• Fondazione per lAmbiente

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A fragmented and changing policy arenachanging
roles knowledge holders are multiple, sometimes
in conflict this is reproducing a stuck
situation
Research hypothesis7. quite traditional policy
arena proposed by the new law?from hierarchy to
network to hierarchy?8. Fragmentation a mixed
status of actors and forms of knowledge modes of
interactions to be explored
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5th step_ Interfaces/interactions
Governance arrangements and
KnowledgeScapes
6 th step _ Governance for sustainability