Modified from:

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Modified from

• Powerpoint Presentation for BG210 made by
• Dr. Nora Espinoza, Ph. D.
• Which was

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Modified from a PowerPoint Presentation made
to accompanyHoles Human Anatomy and
Physiology, 11/e byShier,
Butler, and LewisMcGraw-Hill - publisher
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Tissues part II

• Al Mina, M.D.
• Erskine College

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Connective Tissues

• most abundant tissue in the body
• Most diverse range of functions
• Holds everything together
• Provides supportive framework
• Provides protection
• Storage of fat
• Produce blood
• Help in tissue repair and protection from foreign
  invaders

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Characteristics

• Cells surrounded by extracellular matrix
• Usually capable of cell division
• Usually have a good blood supply
• Variable consistency (adipose tissue vs bone)

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Cell types

• Fibroblast most common produce fibers
• Macrophages mobile scavengers important for
  defense
• Mast cells large cells that release heparin
  (anti-clotting agent) and histamine (part of
  allergic response)

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Connective Tissue Cell Types
Figure 5.13
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Connective Tissue Cell Types
Figure 5.15
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Connective Tissue Cell Types
Figure 5.14
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Tissue types

• Collagenous major structural component
• Composed of collagen
• Somewhat flexible
• Not elastic
• High tensile strength (resist pulling)
• Examples ligaments, tendons

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Elastic

• Composed of elastin
• Weak, but very stretchable, return to original
  shape
• Example vocal cords, air passages

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Reticular

• Thin collagenous fibers
• Support networks

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Connective tissue types
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Loose connective tissue

• Fibroblasts with loosely packed collagen fibers
• lies beneath epithelial layers, forms some
  membranes

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Dense connective tissue

• Densely packed collagen fibers some elastic
  fibers, some fibroblasts
• Regular stronger, but less blood supply
  (ligaments/tendons)
• Irregular fibers less organized (dermis)

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Reticular

• Thin network in three dimensions
• Provides framework for some internal organs

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Elastic connective tissue

• Mainly elastic fibers some collagenous and
  fibroblasts
• Large vessels and airways

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Adipose tissue

• Fibroblast-like cells that store fat in cytoplasm
• Size, not number, of cells increases in fat
  stores
• Diverse locations
• Provides protection, cushioning, insulation,
  energy storage

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Cartilage

• Rigid collagenous fiber
• Provides support, protection, attachment, bone
  modeling
• Surrounded by perichondrium which provides blood
  supply (inefficient)
• Cells divide slowly heals poorly

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Bone

• Most rigid
• Composed of calcium and phosphorus
• Provides support and protection
• Marrow forms blood cells

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Blood

• Extracellular matrix plasma
• Cells red blood cells, white blood cells,
  platelets (cell fragments)

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Blood
Figure 5.27
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Muscle Tissue

• Contractile
• Only contract
• Move in one direction
• Muscle fibers
• shorten and thicken
• three types of muscle tissue
• skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

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Skeletal

• Attach to bones
• Under voluntary control

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Skeletal Muscle
Figure 5.28
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Smooth muscle

• Surrounds hollow internal organs
• involuntary

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Smooth Muscle
Figure 5.29
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Cardiac muscle

• Only in heart
• Cells are Branched and connected
• Involuntary

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Cardiac Muscle
Figure 5.30
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Nervous tissue

• Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
• Basic cell is the neuron