Autonomic Nervous System

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Autonomic Nervous System
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The autonomic nervous system

• Autonomic Nervous System controls the involuntary
  muscles, glandular secretions
• The control is done below the level of
  consciousness i.e. below the level of the
  cerebrum
• Autonomic nervous system is divided into two
  parts sympathetic (thoracolumbar
  outflow)parasympathetic (craniosacral outflow)

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Sympathetic nervous systemThoracolumbar outflow

• Impulses originate in hypothalamusreticular
  formationmedulla oblongata
• From them the impulses are conveyed the the
  effector organs and tissues. It is done by three
  neurones
• Neurone 1 cell body in brain . Fibre extends
  into the spinal cord
• Neurone 2 cell body in the lateral column of
  grey matter of the spinal cord between T1 to L3.
  nerve fibre from this cell goes to the ganglion
  in the sympathetic chain of ganglia (lateral) or
  goes through it and reaches the prevertebral
  ganglia. Acetylcholine is the transmitter
• Neurone 3 cell body in a ganglion ends in the
  effector organ or tissue. Noradrenaline is the
  chemical transmitter

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Parasympathetic nervous system(craniosacral
outflow)

• Two neurones are involved in the transmission of
  impulses from their source to the effector organ
• The Chemical transmitter at both synapses is
  acetylcholine
• Neurone 1 cell body in the brain or cord
• from brain cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X
  transmit impulses
• from sacral segments 2, 3, and 4 the nerve
  fibres synapse with second nerone cells in the
  walls of the pelvic organs
• Neurone 2 cell body in a ganglion or in the
  wall of the organ supplied

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Parasympathetic nervous system regulates shown on
the left regulates day to day internal processes
and behaviourThe sympathetic nervous system
shown on the right regulates internal processes
and behaviour in stressful situationsNote that
on their way to and from the spinal cord the
nerve fibres of the sympathetic system innervates
or make connections with ganglia, specialized
clusters of neurone chains
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craniosacralthoracolumbar
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