Digitale medier: formidling og design

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Digitale medier formidling og design

• 8. februar
• Teorier om medier

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Program

• 10-12
• Gennemgang af Carey
• Instruktion i oprettelse af blog
• 13-14
• Øvelse Fælles statistik over mediebrug
• 14
• Kage
• 14.45
• Præsentation af gruppearbejde

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Carey A device for vivifying our studies (p. 14)

• Transmissionsmodellen
• den model, som næsten alle medievidenskabelige
  modeller er enige om ( at lægge afstand til)
• Ritualet
• det fællesskab, som kommunikationen muliggør
  (communis ? communication/ community)

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Temaer i Careys tekst

• The religious origins of our conceptions of
  communication
• American vs. European views and beliefs
• Paradigms in science
• Communication as representation vs. communication
  as creation
• A power vs. an anxiety model of communication
  within American social science

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Carey

• Communication is a symbolic process whereby
  reality is
• produced,
• maintained,
• repaired, and
• transformed (p.23).

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Kommunikation som transport

• Før telegrafen
• kommunikation transport
• Efter telegrafen
• kommunikation transmission
• Dette skift betyder, at meddelelsen bliver revet
  ud af sin kontekst og gradvist bliver til
  information
• Kommunikation er fordøjet information
• f(i)k, f(k)h, hvor iinformation,
  kkommunikation, hhandling

Hayles, N. K. (1999). How we became posthuman
virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature, and
informatics. Chicago, Ill. University of Chicago
Press. ISBN 0226321460
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Behaviorisme og stimulus-respons (S-R) modeller
Hjernen som black box
Hjernen
Stimuli (input)
Respons (output)

• Ekstrem positivisme i opposition til den
  freudianske psykoanalyse (Pavlovs hunde)
• Individualistisk orienteret ligesom psykoanalysen

Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms
an experimental analysis. New York, London, D.
Appleton-Century Company.
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Carey Thought as a public and social phenomenon

• I wish to suggest that thought is
  predominantly public and social. It occurs
  primarily on blackboards, in dances, and in
  recited poems. The capacity of private thought is
  a derived and secondary talent, one that appears
  biographically later in the person and
  historically later in the species (p. 28).

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Transmissionsmodellen
Shannon, C. E., Weaver, W. (1963). The
Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana
University of Illinois Press. Original
Publication 1949, ISBN 0252725484. P. 7.
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Shannon Weavers tre niveauer af
kommunikationsproblemer

• Level A. How accurately can the symbols of
  communication be transmitted?
• Level B. How precisely do the transmitted symbols
  convey the desired meaning?
• Level C. How effectively does the received
  meaning affect conduct in the desired way?

Shannon, C. E., Weaver, W. (1963). The
Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana
University of Illinois Press. Original
Publication 1949, ISBN 0252725484. P. 4.
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Power

• Power models
• information theory (hvordan overfører man
  information over en transmissionslinje mest
  effektivt)
• learning theory (behavioristisk/cognitivistisk/
  konstruktivistisk)
• influence theory (hvordan medierne påvirker os
  til at gøre uheldige ting, feks optræde voldeligt
  efter at have set en voldelig film)

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or anxiety model?

• Anxiety models
• cognitive dissonance theory (hvorfor vi kan tro
  på noget trods beviser for det modsatte)
• balance theory (hvordan tilsyneladende
  uforenelige størrelser som Niels Olsen og
  Levebrød smitter af på hinanden)
• functionalism (alle menneskelige egenskaber er
  designet med et bestemt formål for øje) or
• uses and gratifications theory (folk bruger
  medierne for at få et bestemt udbytte)

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Roman Jakobssons model
Kontekst (1) Meddelelse (6) Kontakt (4) Kode (5)
Afsender (2)
Modtager (3)

• Hvad fokuserer meddelelsen på?
• Den referentielle funktion
• Den emotive funktion
• Den konative funktion
• Den fatiske funktion
• Den metasproglige funktion
• Den poetiske funktion

Jakobson, R. (1960). Closing Statements
Linguistics and Poetics. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.),
Style in Language. Cambridge, MA M.I.T. Press.
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Kommunikation som primær realitet

• One must examine communication as the primary
  phenomena of experience and not as something
  softer and derivative from a realer existent
  nature (p. 26).

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Representation for and of reality

• A blueprint of a house in one mode is a
  representation for reality under its guidance
  and control a reality, a house, is produced that
  expresses the relations contained in reduced and
  simplified form in the blueprint.
• There is a second use of a blueprint, however. If
  someone asks for a description of a particular
  house, one can simply point to a blueprint and
  say, Thats the house. (P. 29)

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Optagelser til Gran Turismo
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