LOWER TRACHEOPHYTES

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LOWER TRACHEOPHYTES

• FERN ALLIES

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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

• Swimming sperm so water is still required for
  sexual reproduction

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PSILOPHYTA

• Simplest, was first to evolve
• Therefore only organ present is a stem

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PSILOTUM

• Common name is whisk fern
• Sporangium is small
• Yellow globe-like structure
• Small scales for leaves
• Dichotomous branching for stems

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LYCOPHYTA-club mosses

• Has true roots, stems, and leaves
• Rhizome horizontal, underground stem
• Strobilus cluster of sporangium

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STROBILUS
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LYCOPODIUM

• Ground pine

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SELAGINELLA

• Spike moss

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SPIKE MOSS

• Heterosporous
• Microspore is the male and is small
• Megaspore is the female and is big

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SPHENOPHYTA

• Rhizome with roots
• Vertical stems also

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EQUISETUM- horsetails

• Hollow stems
• Leaves in a whorl
• Ridges on stems
• Jointed stems at nodes

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Horsetail features
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• Fertile stems
• Vegetative stems

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Strobilus