Empire Builders

1
Empire Builders Chapter 3iii
2
Although the Phoenicians, Aramaens, Lydians, and
Israelites gave the world alphabets, religion,
commerce, and language, they had weak military
power compared to their neighbors.
3
The Hittites migrated to Asia Minor from areas
beyond the Black Sea circa 2000 B.C.

• Image source http//www.squiresweb.com/turkey/j
  gjourn/day07.htm

4
The Hittites conquered the people of central
Anatolia and set up several city-states.

• Image source http//www.nigli.net/akhenaten/ana
  tom_1.html

5
Hittite kings assembled a fearsome army - the
first in the Middle East to wield iron-tipped
weapons.

• Image source Biblical Archaeology Review,
  September/October 1997, p. 53.

6
The Hittite army also used light, spoked-wheel
chariots to quickly defeat their enemies.
7
Circa 1595 B.C. the Hittites conquered the city
of Babylon.
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The Hittite empire lasted until about 1200 B.C.
10
The Hittites largely borrowed their culture from
the peoples they conquered.
11
Hittite law was more humane than that of
Hammurabis, emphasizing payments for damages
rather than harsh punishments.

• Image source http//www.crystalinks.com/hittite
  s.html

12
Legacy
13

ASSYRIAN EMPIRE

• Image source http//www.execulink.com/wblank/1
  9990330.htm

14
The Assyrians, living in northern Mesopotamia,
were subject to invasions from Asia Minor.

• Image source http//www.aina.org/aol/peter/brie
  f.htmGeography

15
By circa 900 B.C. the Assyrians had become strong
enough to repel the Hittites as well as launch
campaigns to subdue their Mesopotamian neighbors.
16
The Assyrians organized a professional army that
earned a reputation as a lethal force.

• Image source http//campus.northpark.edu/histor
  y//Classes/Sources/AssyrianArmy.html

17
The Assyrians organized their army into units of
foot soldiers, charioteers, and fast-moving
cavalry.

• Image source Biblical Archaeology Review,
  November/December 1999, pp. 42-43.

18
The Assyrians used iron-tippedbattering rams
toreduce thewalls ofcities.
19
The Assyrians treated the people they conquered
cruelly, burning cities and torturing and killing
captives by the thousands.

• Image source Biblical Archaeology Review,
  November/December 1999, p. 42.

20
The Sovereign LORD has sworn by his holiness
The time will surely come        when you will
be taken away with hooks, the last of you with
fishhooks. You will each go straight out through
breaks in the wall, . . . .

• - Amos 42-3a

21
By 650 B.C., the Assyrian kings governed an
empire stretching from the Persian Gulf to Egypt
and into Asia Minor.

• Map source http//www.txwesleyan.edu/Humanities
  /maps/assyria.html
• Image source http//www.execulink.com/wblank/1
  9990330.htm

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The Assyrians divided their empire into
provinces, each headed by a governor responsible
to the king.
23
The taxes collected by the governors supported
the army and funded building projects in Ninevah.

• Source http//www.akkad.ca/

24
The Assyrians built a network of roads that
improved communication and fostered trade.
25
Ashurnasirpal II

• Image source Biblical Archaeology Review,
  September/October 1997, p. 55.

26
Sennacherib

• Image source Biblical Archaeology Review,
  September/October 1997, p. 56.

27
In 612 B.C., the Chaldeans of Babylon allied with
the Medes from the east and revolted against the
Assyrians.

• Mede

28
The Chaldean empire succeeded in dominating the
entire Fertile Crescent.

• Image source http//www.crystalinks.com/chaldea
  ns.html

29
King Nebuchadnezzar extended the Chaldean empire,
conquering the city of Jerusalem and the
Phoenician city-state of Tyre.
30

• Image source http//music.calarts.edu/hill/2mu
  sic/npd/npd.htm

31
Nebuchadnezzar forced the people of the kingdom
of Judah into Babylonian exile.

• Image source http//www.execulink.com/wblank/w
  hybab.htm

32
Nebuchadnezzar used the great wealth he amassed
to rebuild Babylon into one of the most beautiful
cities of the ancient world.

• Image source http//www.geocities.com/Area51/Ca
  vern/5178/imag_1.html

33
The Ishtar Gate

• Image source http//www.geocities.com/Area51/Ca
  vern/5178/imag_1.html

34
He also created the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
for his wife, a princess of Media.
35
Astrology
36
Ancient Persia

• Image source http//ali.sdc.uwo.ca/splendor2.ht
  ml

37
The Persian district of Anshan was subject to the
Medes when Cyrus II ascended to the throne in 558
B.C.

• Image source http//www.art-arena.com/cyrus.htm
  

38
Cyrus developed a strong army which he used to
conquer the Medes and advance into neighboring
lands.
39
As king of Persia, Cyrus II seized Babylon and
conquered the rest of the Chaldean empire in 539
B.C.
40
Cyrus the Great added northern Mesopotamia,
Syria, Canaan, and the Phoenicia to his empire.
41

• Image source http//www.art-arena.com/achaem.ht
  ml

42
In 525 B.C., Cyruss son Cambyses succeeded in
bringing all of the Middle East under Persian
control when he conquered Egypt.
43
The Persian empire stretched 3,000 miles from the
Nile River in Egypt to the Indus River in India.
44
Within this immense empire were more than 50
million people.
45
Cilician
46
Indian
47
Ionian
48
Mede
49
Scythian
50
The best organizer among the Persian monarchs was
King Darius I.
51
Darius I divided his realm into satrapies, or
provinces, each governed by a satrap (governor).
52
Military officials and tax collectors chosen from
among the conquered people assisted the king in
governing his realm.

• Image source Biblical Archaeology Review,
  January/February 1997, p. 80.

53
Inspectors called the Eyes and Ears of the King
routinely made unannounced tours of theprovinces
and reported directly to the king.
54
Darius I used the wealth of the Persian empire to
build a magnificent capital at Persepolis.

• Image source http//www.art-arena.com/achaem.ht
  ml

55
The apadana of Darius I.
56
The Persians encouraged trade by improving and
expanding the network of roads built by the
Assyrians.

• Map source World History - The Human
  Experience (McGraw-Hill), p. 92.

57
The Royal Road stretched over 1,500 miles from
Susa in Persia to Sardis in Asia Minor.
58
The Royal Road had stations every 14 miles where
messengers on government business could get food,
water, and fresh horses.
59
Darius I was succeeded by his son Xerxes.

• Source World History - The Human Experience
  (McGraw-Hill), p. 93

60
Xerxes defeated
61
Xerxes palace in Persepolis

• Image source http//www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/
  PA/IRAN/PAAI/PAAI_Palace_Xerxes.html

62
Persian Religion and Culture
63
Persians followed a strict moral code.
64
Sons were taught to ride horses, to draw a bow,
and to speak the truth.
65
The Persian people originally worshipped deities
associated with the sky, sun, and fire.

• Image source http//sangha.net/messengers/zoroa
  ster.htmZoroastrianism,

66
A man named Zoroaster called for reform of the
Persian religion circa 570 B.C.

• Image source http//gilbreth.ecn.purdue.edu/bu
  lsara/ZOROASTRIAN/z_images.html

67
Zoroaster preached that the world was divided by
a struggle between good and evil.

• Image source http//sangha.net/messengers/zoroa
  ster.htmZoroastrianism,

68
Image source http//sangha.net/messengers/zoroa
ster.htmZoroastrianism,

• Major Tenets of Zoroastrianism
• good thoughts
• good speech
• good actions

69
Ahura Mazda led the forces of good against
Ahriman, the spirit of darkness.

• Image source http//touss.8m.com/comments.htm

70

• I pray to Thee, O Mazda,
• with uplifted hands, and to thy Holy Spirit,
  first of all and hopethat through truths and
  righteousness I would enjoy the light of wisdom
  and a clean conscience,thus bringing solace to
  the Soul of (Mother Earth) Creation.

71

• Source http//members.tripod.com/jaydambrosio/m
  esopotamia.html