Fulbright Association 31st Annual Conference

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Fulbright Association 31st Annual
Conference 2008 The Interconnected World
Science and Environment Panel Tuesday, Oct.
21, 2008 The Nile Basin Status and Future
Challenges Hany Hamroush
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Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) Status and Future
Challenges

• Background info NBI.
• Outcomes and present status.
• Future environmental challenges and role of
  science.

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• Area 3.0 million square km (10 of Africa)
• Area of Lakes 81,500 square km
• Area of Swamps 70,000 square km
• Length 6,700 km
• Length of Rivers Tribs 37,500 km
• 10 Riparian states with 300 million people (600
  million by 2025)

Atbara
Main Nile
Blue Nile
White Nile
Sobat
Equatorial Lakes
Bahr Ghazal
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Main Nile Runoff Sources
From Khartoum northward (i.e. _at_ 2000 km) with
almost no single drop of water
Ethiopian Plateau 85
Equatorial lakes 15
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In 12 years ? increased _at_ 100 million estimated
in the next 17 years to be gt 200 million
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• Nile Water Agreements since 1891
• Protocol between Britain and Italy in 1891
• Treaty between Britain and Ethiopia in 1902
• Agreement between Britain and Congo in 1906
• Agreement between Britain, Italy and Ethiopia
  in 1906
• Exchange of notes between Britain and Italy in
  1925
• Nile water agreement in 1929
• Convention between Britain and Belgium in 1934
• Exchange of memoranda between Egypt and
  Britain (on behalf of Uganda ) in 1949- 1953
• Egypt and Sudan Nile Agreement in 1959

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Water consumption of Nile Basin countries
Blue Water Green W
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Surface (Blue) and Rainfall (Green) Total
Rainfall on the Basin is about 2100 BCM.
Annual Yield of the Main Nile is about 84 BCM.

• Lost Potential
• Enhance Rainfed Agriculture
• Reduce Evaporation
• Recharge Use of Ground Water
• Use of hydro power

Arable Land (Km2) / Capita
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Hydropower in the Nile Basin
Potential Hydropower
Developed Hydropower
Remaining Potential
Source Opportunities for Power Trade in the
Nile Basin , Final Scoping Study,2000
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The Nile Challenges Opportunities

• Challenges
• Extreme poverty
• Instability
• Political disputes
• Rapid population growth
• Environmental degradation Climatic change
• Natural disasters
• (Not only droughts but also sporadic floods)
• Opportunities
• Least developed river win-win opportunities
• Choices
• Cooperative action to achieve win-win gains
• regional development.

Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)
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EN-SAP The Technical Regional Office (ENTRO)
Established in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, June
2002 Total funding of USD 309.7 million
NEL-SAP The Coordination Unit NEL- CU
Established in Dec 2001 in Entebbe, Uganda.
Relocated to Kigali, Rwanda in Jan 2004 USD
44.28 million
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Nile Basin Trust Fund (2003)
Netherlands Norway (NORAD) Sweden (Sida)
United Kingdom (DFID) World Bank France (AFD)
Finland European Commission (EC) Denmark
(DANIDA) Canada (CIDA)
United States UNDP Switzerland Japan African
Development Bank (AfDB) Germany/GTZ Global
Environment Facility (GEF) Italy (FAO)
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Climate Change Nile Delta
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