HYDRO POWER

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HYDRO POWER
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Introduction

• 1. INTRODUCTION
• 2. HYDRO POWER PLANTS
• 3. TURBINES
• 4. HYDRO POWER IN CHINA
• 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
• 6. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

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Water resource

• What is water resource
• Distribution of water resource

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Cycle of water resource
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Condition of water resource in world
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Introduction of Hydroelectric Power production

• The marshes that there are to construct suppose
  an important impact.
• In the environment, marshes also have positive
  impact

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Hydro Power Plants
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Parts of a Hydroelctric Power Plant
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Different kind of Dams

• Arch Dams
• Gravity Dams
• Arch-gravity Dams

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Arch Dams
Water Forces
Weight Forces
Aldeadávila Dam (in Spain)
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Gravity Dams
Guri Dam (in Venezuela)
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Arch-Gravity dams
Hoover Dam (between the U.S. States of Arizona
and Nevada)
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Turbines
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PELTON TURBINES

• Entrance elbow
• Injector
• Regulator
• Bun
• Blades or spoons.

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How works the Pelton turbine?

• The Pelton turbines are used with high height
  jumps.
• The gravitational power energy of the water
  dammed becomes in kinetic energy.
• The injector throws the high speed water to the
  blades that are glued to the bun.
• The water spurt transmits its kinetic energy to
  the bun, where it is transformed instantaneously
  into mechanical energy.

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PELTONS BLADES

• The edge that divides each bucket in two
  symmetrical parts cuts the water spurt,
  sectioning it in two laminae of fluid,
  theoretically of identical volume. This
  disposition allows resisting mutually the axial
  pushes that are originated in the bun.

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PELTON BUN
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KAPLAN TURBINES

• The turbines that take his name have
  revolutionized in these years the use of jumps of
  little height.
• The Kaplan turbines are water reaction turbines
  of axial flow, with a bun that works in similar
  way to the helix of a boat.
• The Kaplan turbine is a helix turbine in which
  the blades of the bun turn itself when it is on,
  adjusting automatically according the work to the
  conditions of optimal yield.

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KAPLAN TURBINE
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DERIAZ TURBINES

• Deriaz invented later the turbine that takes his
  name
• This turbine is reversible
• The price of the machinery is reduced using the
  same machine like pump and turbine.

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DERIAZ TURBINES ADVANTAJES

• The Deriaz turbine is like Francis turbine but
  with adjustable blades and has
• Working like turbine, better yield than a Francis
  turbine with analogous bun of stator blades
• Working like pump, better yield than a
  turbine-pump of stator blades

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FRANCIS TURBINES

• The Francis turbine is one of the reaction
  turbines
• The radial flow causes the turn of the runner
• This turbine is reversible
• Francis turbines may be designed for a wide range
  of heads and flows

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FRANCIS TURBINE
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ELECTION OF THE TURBINES

• Typical range of heads
• Kaplan        2 lt H lt 40   (H head in meters)
• Francis         10 lt H lt 350
• Pelton          50 lt H lt 1300

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Hydropower in China
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Hydro power in China

• There are 230 hydropower station that producing
  electricity over 50,000KW,including 25 over
  1,000,000KW and 40 over 500,000KW

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China water resource (Three main river in China)

• The total gross of water in China is 2.81 hundred
  millions stere. It is the sixth place in the
  world now.

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Sanxia

• Location Sichuan province
• Sanxia is the largest project in the world. It is
  in the upriver of Changjiang river which form the
  rundle electrical station with Gezhouba
  electrical station in the downriver, however,
  there are lot of problems of emigration and
  environment have been broke out since this
  project produced
• It start in 1994 years and will finished in 2009.
• http//zhidao.baidu.com/question/1709822.html?si7

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Liujiaxia

•  LiujiaxiaLocation Gansu provinceused from
  1974
• Configuration 4 X 225 MW, 1 X 300 MW Francis

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Hydropower
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The most obvious impact of hydro-power

• The dams effects
• Flooding of vast areas of land
• Dams can facilitate the development of
  diseases
• Cumuli silt
• Destructive failure

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Flooding of vast areas of land

• Flooded homeland
• Immigrant
• Destroyed rare ecosystems

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Dams can facilitate the development of diseases

• Reservoir
• Bacteria
• Fish
• people

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Cumuli silt

• Reducing the amount of water which can be stored
  and used for electrical generation

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Destructive failure
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