Seismo-Acoustic Study of Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador

1
Seismo-Acoustic Study of Tungurahua Volcano,
Ecuador

• New Mexico Tech, Prof. Jeff Johnson
• IG-EPN, Prof. Mario Ruiz
• Geophysics 572
• June 2009

2
Seismo-Acoustic and Infrasound Arrays
Distance from vent Cusúa (Seismo-acoustic)
5.44 km Chontilla (Infrasound) 11.20
km Deployed Instruments June 9-12,
2009 Removed Instruments June 21-25, 2009
Relief in m
Contour interval 220 m
3
Seismo-Acoustic Array Map
Array dimensions TBUG to TREX 255m TLAV to
TMAR 276 m Shortest distance between stations
72 m Longest distance between stations 104
m Average distance between adjacent stations
92 m
Vent
Contours in meters
4
Array Equipment
12V Battery
Guralp Seismometer
Lennartz Seismometer
Ref Tek Data Logger
Infrasound Sensor
Ref Tek GPS
5
Array Equipment Metadata

• Ref Tek Data Logger GPS
• Model Ref Tek 130
• 24-bit digitizer
• 100Hz Sample Rate at Cusúa
• 500Hz Sample Rate at Chontilla
• 6-channel (1-3 and 4-6)
• 1 deployed at each station (8 total)
• Guralp Seismometer
• Model CMG-40T
• In-band sensitivity 800V/(m/s)
• Band sensitivity 0.03Hz - 50Hz
• 6 deployed (TLEF, TBAG, TGRS,
• TLAV, TREX, TMAR)
• Lennartz Seismometer
• Model Type LE 3D/5sec 223-0022
• In-band sensitivity 400 V/(m/s)
• Band sensitivity 0.2Hz - 50Hz

Infrasound Model New Mexico Tech Infrasound
Sensor Versions C and D In-band sensitivity
23-26 µV/Pascal Band sensitivity gt0.02Hz 12V
Battery 70-80 amp-hour Time-Lapse Camera
Model Wingscapes Frame rate 1 picture / 36 sec
6
Outline of Presentations

• Niranjan Khalsa and Sara Meyer Correlating a
  Variety of Infrasound Signals with Plumes
• Freddy Vasconez and Ashley Edelman Catalogue
  of Seismic Events
• Aaron Gutierrez Jimenez, Kirsten Chojnicki,
  Dawn Sweeney, Hunter Knox Canonazos Go Boom
• Carolyn Parcheta and Pablo Marcillo Infrasound
  and Seismic Correlation
• Andrea Parmigiani, Sara Hanson-Hedgecock, Aida
  Quezada-Reyes Seismic Beamforming
• Ezer Patlan and Branden Christensen Infrasound
  Beamforming

7
Correlating a Variety of Infrasound Signals with
Plumes at Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador Niranjan
Khalsa (New Mexico Tech)Sara Meyer (UC Santa
Cruz)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
(No Transcript)
37
Seismic Signal Catalog

• Freddy Vasconez, IG-EPN
• Ashley Edelman, University of New Mexico

38
VolcanoTectonic (VT)
39
Long Period (LP)
40
Tremor
41
Explosion
42
Uncertain
43
Seismic Catalog

• 140 events in 11 days of sampling

No regional or teleseismic earthquakes were
recorded in our array.
44
Canonazos Go Boom

• Aaron Gutierrez Jimenez- UNAM
• Kirsten Chojnicki- ASU
• Dawn Sweeney- SUNY at Buffalo
• Hunter Knox- NMT

45
Canonazos

• Large explosions observed with roaring and
  smaller explosions
• Questions
• What are the characteristics of associated
  signals?
• What is the associated mass flux and volume of
  these eruptions?
• Potential future work

46
Site Characteristics

• 11 km North of summit
• Nearby river
• Chontilla Infrasound Array
• 5 instruments
• Data collected from center microphone

47
Wave Characteristics

• Impulsive
• Three Types
• Classic
• Modified Classic
• Harmonic Ringing
• 10 s duration
• 62 events identified

48
162 165630
168 180758
20
5
10
0
Presue Pa
Presure Pa
0
5
-10
-20
10

• Very similar Frequency content
• Similar wave form
• Similar coda
• Different pressure peak to peak amplitude

49
162 192725
172 192626
10
2
5
1
0
Presure Pa
0
Presure Pa
-5
-1
-10
-2
-20
-3

• Intense Phase is around 10 Hz
• Very different wave form
• -Huge different pressure peak to peak amplitude
• Conclusion We cant classify a explotion like
  canonazos in function of the amplitude pressure.

50
(No Transcript)
51
(No Transcript)
52
(No Transcript)
53
(No Transcript)
54
(No Transcript)
55
(No Transcript)
56
(No Transcript)
57
(No Transcript)
58
(No Transcript)
59
Future Work

• Cross-correlation of waveforms
• Model conduit size with volume
• Model potential conduit processes by comparing
  canonazos and regular explosions

60
Infrasound and Seismic Correlations

• Pablo Marcillo and Carolyn Parcheta
• Instituto Geofisico
• University of Hawaii at Manoa

61
Location
Y
Y
62
Methods

• Picked a station (TLEF)
• Picked a filter
• Airwave 0.1 - 1 Hz
• Picked arrival times Infra/Seis
• Julian Days 164-168 170
• 51 events
• Plotted various parameters

63
Filter Justification
Unfiltered
64
Filter Justification
Filtered
65
Picking Values
66
Events per Day
Infrasonic Cumulative Amplitude per Day
Seismic Cumulative Amplitude per Day
67
Seismic Peak-to-Peak Velocity Distribution
Infrasonic Peak-to-Peak Pressure Distribution
68
Peak-to-Peak Amplitude Ratios
69
Normal Signal, Filtered
70
High Infra/Seis Ratio, Filtered
71
Low Infra/Seis Ratio, Filtered
72
Comparison
Normal
High Ratio
Low Ratio
73
Infrasonic Peak Frequency Variation by Day
Seismic Peak Frequency Variation by Day
74
Infrasonic Peak Frequency Variation by Day
Seismic Peak Frequency Variation by Day
75
SEISMIC BEAM-FORMING Andrea Parmigiani
(University of Geneva) Sara Hanson-Hedgecock
(University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill) Aida
Quezada-Reyes (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico)
76
PURPOSE

• Determine the direction and velocity of the
• seismic energy.
• Determine location of seismic source

N
METHODS
Array Processing Station Spacing about 100 m
77
BACKGROUND NOISE
TUESDAY 27, 2009 230135 (GMT)
78
ROCKFALL
FRIDAY 19, 2009 135212 (GMT)
1- 3 Hz
79
LAHAR
1 25 Hz
Saturday 20, 2009 181257 (GMT)
20s
10s
30s
40s
80
LAHAR
1 3 Hz
Saturday 20, 2009 181257 (GMT)
40s
50s
60s
81
LP
Monday 22, 2009 082831 (GMT)
1 0.5 Hz
1 5 Hz
2 3 Hz
4 5 Hz
82
EXPLOSION
THURSDAY 18, 2009
041953 (GMT)
084805(GMT)
193448 (GMT)
83
(No Transcript)
84
(No Transcript)
85
(No Transcript)
86
(No Transcript)
87
(No Transcript)
88
(No Transcript)
89
GEOP572 Summer 2009
From left to right Pablo Marcillo, Andrea
Parmigiani, Freddy Basconez, Hunter Knox, Sara
Meyer, Jeff Johnson, Sara Hanson-Hedgecock,
Kirsten Chojnicki, Niranjan Khalsa, Omar
Marcillo, Ezer Patlan, Aida Quezada-Reyes, Brando
Christensen, Aaron Jimenez, Carolyn Parcheta,
Ashley Edelman, Bill McIntosh, Dawn Sweeney
90

• The 2009 class of GEOP572 would like to thank the
  following who were essential to the success of
  our project Mario Ruiz, Patty Mothes, Peter
  Hall, Omar Marcillo, Jonathan Hall, Patricio
  Ramón,Claude Robin, Jorge Bustillos, New Mexico
  Tech, IG-EPN, IRIS PASSCAL, Wilson (the best bus
  driver in Eucador)