Social Cognitive View

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Social Cognitive View

• Integrates Social Learning and
  Cognitive Theories
• Reciprocal determinism
• Self-regulation
• Expectancy values self-efficacy
• Attribution

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Social Learning Theories

• Rotter Expectancy Value Theory
• Bandura Self-Efficacy Theory
• Common aspects of the theories
• Interpretation of reality matters more than
  reality itself
• Individuals are conscious and rational
• Self-set goals play an important role

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Rotter Expectancy Value Theory

• Behavior Potential
• Likelihood of performing certain behavior
• BP is a function of
• reinforcement value of reaching the goal
• psychological situation
• expectancy that the behavior will attain the goal
• specific expectancies
• general expectancies (Locus of control)

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Locus of Control

• Generalized outcome expectancy
• Belief about whether my behavior will influence
  my outcomes
• internal (yes, my behavior makes a difference)
• external (no, outside forces rule)
• external powerful others
• external god
• external chance

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Correlates of Internal LOC

• Less belief in authorities
• Less likely to conform
• More success oriented
• Better precautions
• More sports and exercise
• More political
• But also
• Worse adjustment in institutional setting
• Less likely to learn from advice

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Bandura Self-Efficacy

• Definition
• Belief in one's ability to successfully plan and
  execute the behavior that is necessary to reach a
  given goal
• Efficacy expectations are always specific for a
  certain area of performance
• Efficacy Motivation Performance

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Benefits of High Efficacy

• Better performance at physical and cognitive
  tasks in the lab
• Mistakes are seen as learning experiences
• Better tolerance towards pain
• More positive responses to aging stereotypes
• Mediated by emotions
• Less anxiety
• Positive emotions in the face of challenges

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Increasing Self-Efficacy

• Active experience
• All at once
• Small steps
• Modeling/observational learning
• Ideal model similar model
• Verbal persuasion
• You can do it

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Bandura vs. Rotter
Person
Behavior
Outcome

• Efficacy Beliefs
• Strength
• Domain
• Generality

• Outcome Expectancies
• Physical
• Social
• Self-Evaluative

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- Outcome Expectancies
- Efficacy Beliefs
Resignation Apathy
Self-Devaluation
Productive Engagement Satisfaction
Protest Social Activism
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Review

• Historical background
• Trait approach
• Biological approach
• Psychodynamic approach
• Phenomenological approach
• Cultural approach
• Behavioral approach
• Social cognitive approach