Syntactic key words

1
Syntactic key words

• object y as a working (function, action, output,
  result, property) of
• subject x (independent variabele actor, input,
  condition, cause)
• y(x)
• object(subject)
• Suffering object(subject)
• impact(condition, cause)
• aim(means)
• The verb is replaced by brackets ()
• Form follows function. form(function)
• landscape(villa)
• villa(landscape)

See also index of Ways to Study
2
Valid, Reliable
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Nested key words

• villa(landscape(water-system, history))
• villa(landscape(water-system(history)))
• villa(landscape((water-system, occupation)(history
  , spatial dispersion)))
• )( means a matrix

useful as a list of contents of your report 1
water-system(history) 2 water-system(spatial
dispersion) 3 occupation(history) 4
occupation(spatial dispersion)
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Character and direction of the operation

• occupation(spatial dispersion(water-system(drainag
  e(history))))
• water-system(drainage(spatial dispersion(occupatio
  n(history))))
• VROM lt gt VW
• villa(landscape((water-system, occupation)(history
  , spatial dispersion)))
• villa(landscape((history, spatial
  dispersion)(water-system, occupation))).
•  
• 1 history(water-system)
• 2 history(occupation)
• 3 spatial dispersion(water-system)
• 4 spatial dispersion(occupation)

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Operations (functions) y f(x)

• intuitive f(x) associated with x
• conditional f(x) possible by x
• set-theoretical f(x) part of x, encloses x,
  without x ...
• logical f(x) if x, not x ...
• mathematical f(x) xx , x2...
• causal f(x) caused by x
• temporal f(x) preceded, followed by x
• spatial(formal) f(x) near to, contiguous to,
  surrounded by x ...
• structural f(x) connected with x
• combinations a box of boards connected by
  nailsbox(boards, nails)

6
context(object) and object(context)

• Object not imaginable without context?
• Object part of context?
• If context than object?
• Context 2 x object?
• Object caused by context?
• If context including object then growth object
  causes decline context?

7
Verbs naming operations O
Figure 19 and 20 on page 40
8
Design research for example
is
9
Find references and operations
10
Models to evaluate
11
Models according to Klaasen Chapter 22

• Any imagination ready to be communicated is a
  model.
• Such a representation can be presented as a
  verbal, mathematical, spatial or mechanical
  model.
• Models could be concrete, conceptual or formal
  (not interpreted into actual or possible reality).

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Examples of models
Verbal Mathematical Spatial Mechanical
13
Verbal models
Topfloor without Bottomfloor Topfloor and
Bottomfloor Topfloor Bottomfloor without
Topfloor Only Topfloor or Bottomfloor Bottomfl
oor Topfloor or Bottomfloor Not
Bottomfloor If Topfloor than Bottomfloor is
closed.
14
A mathematical model
15
Use models to clarify a

• description (research)
• explication (research)
• prediction (research)
• or an
• intention (planning study)
• exploration (design study).

16
Do not confuse model and reality(Klaasen Chapter
22)

• Models reduce reality by
• culture and individual preferences into a
  representation as a bordered system
• scientific culture and individual objectives into
  interacting sub-systems
• concious, relevant simplification into the
  representation of the model.

17
A design is a model

• Are types and concept(ion)s on their way to
  become a design also models?
• Klaasen (2002) Yes!
• Quatremère de Quincy (1890?) No! A type cannot
  be copied or realized as a model can.
• Leupen (Chapter 13) a type has to be transformed
  into a model by design to get the possibility to
  be realized.
• A concept can not be realized either before it is
  elaborated it only organises design choices.

18
There are types of models,but are there models
of types?

• There are ideas of types.
• A type can be transfered in words or a diagram.
• Is any transferable idea a model?
• Leupen (Ch. 13) Types should be transformed into
  models by design.
• Argan (1965) There are levels of types.

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Typical theatres
prototype
type
Semper, Bayreuth Scala, Milan
Rossi, Genua
OMA, The Hague
20
Concept(ion) and type

• A concept(ion)
• has no form
• is a theme transferabe to others
• it organises design choices
• it is transferable in words, schemes and
  reference images
• it pervades a design into the details.

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Examples of concepts
Le Corbusier, sketch of the concept of his Unité
MVRDV, scheme of the concept for admission lodges
on the Hoge Veluwe. Transform the same type in
brick, steel and wood.
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How to design a model

• When there is not yet a model, you can not use a
  model, you have to make one.
• However, there are design precedents from which
  you can extract transformable types,
• and you can organise your future design choices
  creating a powerful transferable concept (often a
  metaphor).