Serology Notes

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Serology Notes
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Blood facts

• Volume
• Average adult has 10-12 pints
• Blood donations
• 1 pint taken
• In 24 hours fluid part replaced
• Cells replaced within a couple of weeks (end of a
  month same amount of blood)

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Blood facts (cont)

• Composition
• 45 cells, red blood cells, white blood cells
  platelets
• Rest is plasma
• Mainly water (90) with proteins (7) and fats,
  sugars, and mineral salts dissolved
• Proteins include blood clotting factors
  antibodies

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Blood facts (cont)

• Red blood cells
• Made in marrow cavities
• Contain hemoglobin (transfers oxygen)
• No nucleus (no DNA)
• White blood cells
• Made in marrow and certain tissues (spleen, lymph
  nodes lining of intestines)
• 1 WBC to 100 RBC
• Immune system
• Contains DNA

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Blood facts (cont)

• Platelets
• Formed in marrow
• ½ trillion platelets in normal bloodstream
• Last about 10 days and then removed by liver,
  spleen lymph nodes
• Help control bleeding by sticking to injured
  surfaces and providing surface for clotting
  factors to accumulate

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Terms to know

• Antibodies (agglutinins)
• Produced by immune system
• Bind antigens together
• Antigen (agglutinogens)
• Substance present on red blood cell membrane
• Agglutination
• Clumping of particles

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4 General Blood Types

• A, B, AB, O
• Types inherited from parents
• A, B alleles are co-dominant (IA, IB)
• O allele is recessive (i )
• Rh and
• Rh is dominant trait
• Problems for women having children
• If mother and baby , mother produces anti-Rh
  antibodies to destroy Rh type. Hazard if not
  treated for subsequent children

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Differences between blood types
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How to tell blood types
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O and O- Blood types
http//faculty.washington.edu/kepeter/119/images/b
lood_typing_photos.htm
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A Blood type
http//faculty.washington.edu/kepeter/119/images/b
lood_typing_photos.htm
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B Blood type
http//faculty.washington.edu/kepeter/119/images/b
lood_typing_photos.htm
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AB Blood type
http//faculty.washington.edu/kepeter/119/images/b
lood_typing_photos.htm
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Blood type donations
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Blood Type Percentages

• O 38
• O- 7
• A 34
• A- 6

• B 9
• B- 2
• AB 3
• AB- 1

Source http//www.enh.org/aboutus/visitingus/evan
ston/blood/default.aspx?id3452
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• Blood typing game