Introduction to organismal problem solving part 2

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Introduction to organismal problem solving
(part 2)

• 5 March 2008

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modern day species
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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

• Very small (1-5 microns)
• Genetic info NOT surrounded by membrane
• There is no nucleus.
• Genome has less DNA
• 1 ring-shaped chromosome
• Replicate by fission
• Replicate very quickly

• Small (10100 microns)
• Genetic info IS surrounded by membrane
• nucleus
• Genome has more DNA (1000X)
• many chromosomes
• Replicate by mitosis, meiosis, and sexual
  reproduction
• Replicate less quickly

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Sexual reproduction 1) one set of chromosomes
from each parent 2) gametes join 3)
chromosomes pair up in new
organism Fission 1) copy DNA important
cell parts 2) divide into two cells
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Ways to acquire energy nutrients
Autotrophs, heterotrophs, (or both
mixotrophs)
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Other groups of autotrophs? Other groups of
heterotrophs?
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The Prokaryotes

• (1) Bacteria
• (2) Archaea

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Bacteria
Bacteria on head of a pin
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• Acquire energy/nutrients
• Can do many unique
• biochemical transformations
• ex nitrogen fixation (N2 ? NH4)
• ex deep sea vents (H2 energy)

U Washington
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Archaea
Survival ? Live in extreme environments (ex hot
springs or extremely salty environments) Construc
ted of and functioning by a unique cell
chemistry (vs. Bacteria Eukarya)
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The Eukaryotes

• (3) Protists
• (4) Plants
• (5) Fungi
• (6) Animals

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Protists
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Organization Single cellular Colonial
Multicellular
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Motility 1
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Motility 1 flagellum Motility 2 sessile (
attached) Motility 3 pseudopodia ( false
foot)
Lots of tiny flagella
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Figure 28.26 Use of pseudopodia for feeding
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Plants (last time)
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Fungi
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Hyphae 1 construct reproductive
structure Hyphae 2 external digestion of
organic matter
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Examples from Planet Earth (Jungles) Fungi Consu
me (i) other animals (ii) dead plant and animal
biomass decomposers ? recycling mineral
nutirents! ex root fungi
mycorrhizae Reproduction (of parasitic fungi)
helped by (i) use animals to move reproductive
structures to other habitats ? disperse
offspring (ii) use animals to move UP in
trees ? wind disperses spores farther this
way Defense against predators make poisons
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Animals
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Examples pond aquaria freshwater
snails freshwater amphipods freshwater
planaria Questions to investigate (in person and
on-line) --how does your animals get food? --how
does it defend itself? --is fertilization/sex
internal or external? --how does it move?
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Organization (except for sponges...) Cells are
organized into tissues. Bodies have
symmetry. Acquire energy/nutrients ? internal
digestion Mobility ? muscles skeleton endo-
or exo-? Vascular tissues move water, nutrients