The Cold War and the three worlds

1

• The Cold War and the three worlds
• East-West Confrontation in the Third
• World
• The End of the Cold War

2
The Cold War and the three worlds
3

• During World War 2 allies consist of United
  States, Great Britain the Soviet Union
• Conferences held in Yalta February 1945
• Potsdam
  July/August 1945
• End World War 2 great hope fascism been
  defeated

4
Post-World War 2

• Soviet economy on its knees whereas US economy
  booming A-bomb/fleet of long-range
  aircraft/imposing navy

5
Post-World War 2

• 4 areas Soviet foreign policy based on
• (1) try and stop US having political advantage of
  nuclear weapons
• (2) try and stop West having any military
  strength in mid Europe
• (3) try and use large army as a deterrent to West
  in Europe
• (4) try and modernize air force/navy

6
Post-World War 2

• Distrust ruled the day neither side trusted the
  other West believing Soviets would keep
  expanding to the west

7
The Cold War

• 5 March 1946 Churchill makes speech at Fulton,
  Missouri
• From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
  Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the
  Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals
  of the ancient states of Central and Eastern
  Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest,
  Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia all these famous
  cities and the populations around them lie in
  what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are
  subject, in one form or another, not only to
  Soviet influence but to a very high and in some
  cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.
  

8
(No Transcript)
9
Eastern Europe

• Seton Watson and 3 stage salami tactics
• Communist parties in key positions in coalitions
  Ministry of Interior
• Slowly begin to push coalition partners out
• Becoming 1-party state nationalization of
  land/industry constitution changed and similar
  to 1936 Soviet one

10
Eastern Europe

• Reasons
• Swain Moscow wanted buffer states for
• security spreading communism
• distant second
• Gati - Moscow hoped to exploit Eastern
  Europe
• economically

11
Cold War

• 1947 Truman Doctrine
• March 1948 Marshall Plan - 17b from US to help
  rebuild Western Europe
• 29 August 1949 A-bomb replica of fat man

12
Cold War

• April 1949 Atlantic Treaty North Atlantic
  Treaty Organisation (NATO)
• 1949 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
  (CMEA/COMECON)
• 1949 Chinese Revolution

13
Cold War

• McCarthyism in the US
• May 1955 Warsaw Pact created
• October 1957 1st Sputnik launched
• April 1961 Yuri Gargarin in space

14
the three worlds

• 1954 - Malenkov saying thermonuclear war
• unthinkable
• 1955 Austria Treaty
• Khrushchev in Yugoslavia
• Moscow admitting world not bipolar

15
the three worlds

• After World War 2 decolonization taking place
• 1947 India
• 1952 Kenya
• 1950s Indo-China
• Cold War competition moves to these new
  independent countries

16
The Non-Aligned Movement

• September 1961 1st meeting in Belgrade 25
  countries
• Concerned accelerating arms race and could lead
  to war
• Strategic political neutrality towards major
  powers

17
The Non-Aligned Movement

• Criteria
• Independent policy based on coexistence of states
  with different political/social systems
• Support for Movements of National Independence
• Not member of multilateral military alliance
  concluded in contest of Great Power conflicts
• If a country has a bilateral military alliance
  with a Great power, or is a member of a regional
  defence pact, the agreement or pact should not be
  one deliberately concluded in the context of
  Great power Conflicts
• If it has conceded military bases to a Foreign
  Power the concession should not have been made in
  the context of Great Power Conflicts

18
The Non-Aligned Movement

• 2nd Conference in Cairo 1964 47 countries
• Independent path in world politics not result
  in Member States becoming pawns in struggles
  between major powers
• Does this movement have real power?

19
Conclusions

• Been Allies during World War 2 due to greater
  evil fascism
• Cold War very quickly after 1945
• (1) ideological reasons (2) mistrust
• World appears to becoming Bipolar - US and
  Soviet Union

20
Conclusions

• Bipolarity shown by NATO Warsaw Pact
• However a third way seems to appear -
• Austria Treaty/ Khrushchev in Yugoslavia
• Decolonization Non-Aligned Movement appears

21

• A third way appears but in many ways world
  bipolar