Habsburg Empire

1
Habsburg Empire

• Difficulty because of many areas, nationalities
• Leopold I (1658 1705) fought Ottomans
• Charles VI (r.1711-1740) - no male heir
• Fearful of fate of Spanish Habsburgs
• Pragmatic Sanction allowed Maria Theresa to
  reign (r.1740-1780)
• Frederick II Prussia will invade Silesia to
  contest Maria Theresas reign/power

2
Hohenzollerns

• Rose up under the vacuum after Treaty of
  Westphalia
• Territory (Prussia) not all connected
• Junker class ruled, Hohenzollerns were the
  predominant family

3
Rise to Power

• Frederick William, The Great Elector
  (r.1640-1688) built army and junker class
• Frederick I (r. 1688-1713) gave army to Leopold
  I during Spanish Succession received title King
  of Prussia

4
Prussia builds Army

• Frederick William I (r.1713-1740) organized
  country based upon military
• Officer corp highest status
• Rarely used military
• Frederick II (The Great) r. 1740-1786 would use
  military extensively including War of Austrian
  Succession

5
ROMANOV (1613-1917)

• Ivan IV The Terrible (r.1533-1584) great
  early, horrible ending
• Killed son leaving throne to compromised son
• Russia was divided in power vacuum many
  pretenders to the throne all claimed to be
  Dmitri son of Ivan the Terrible
• Poland under leader Sigismund invaded and
  occupied Russia
• Sweden invaded the Baltic regions of Russia
• Boyars turned to 17 Year Old Michael Romanov to
  lead (r.1613-1645)

6
Peter the Great

• Ascended to throne (r.1682-1725), shared with
  Ivan V
• Supported by streltsy
• Tsar must control boyars, streltsy
• Traveled NW Europe
• Wanted to westernize Russia

7
Peters Rule

• Upon return crushed steltsy rebels
• Built large army through conscription
• Built large navy
• Broke down boyar traditions westernized
• Built St. Petersburg

8
Great Northern War / Aleksei

• Russia vs. Sweden (1700-1721)
• Peace of Nystad Russia gets part of Finland,
  Estonia, Livonia guarantees a warm water port
• Son Aleksei from first marriage was a threat he
  was rumored to conspire with Habsburg Charles VI
  father investigated
• Died mysteriously in 1718 leaves lack of
  successor

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