Manufacturing sectors exposure to competitive pressures under ETS

1
Manufacturing sectors exposure to competitive
pressures under ETS
Vertical axis shows costs of ETS as of value
added. Horizontal axis shows exposure to
international competition.
Source Climate Strategies, Differentiation and
dynamics of EU ETS competitiveness impacts
2
Limited abatement options I the blast furnace is
close to its theoretical minimum carbon usage
Source Thyssen-Krupp presentation to CEPS 24 May
2005
3
Limited abatement options II finite availability
of steel scrap restricts take-up of electric arc
furnace