UNIDO POPs CR

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Emission inventory of PCDDs/Fs in the Czech
Republic
Ivan Holoubek, Jirí Kohoutek, Pavel
Machálek RECETOX - TOCOEN Associates Kamenice
126/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic Phone 420 5
47 121 401 fax [phone] E-mail
holoubek_at_recetox.muni.cz http//recetox.muni.cz/
Dioxin emissions in Candidate Countries. Kick Off
Workshop of a DG_ENV funded project. March 10,
2003, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Emission inventory of POPs in the CR
Emission inventories - 1991 - the UN ECE Task
Force on Emission Inventories was established to
help developed the procedures and methodologies
for emission estimation and reporting for various
persistent air pollutants. - An Atmospheric
Emission Inventory Guidebook is currently being
prepared within this Task Force
(http//www.eea.eu.int/) - The Guidebook is
organised in the form of chapters, each
representing various categories, subcategories,
or even activities that generate emission of
atmospheric pollutants. - The Guidebook also
includes information on main groups of PBTs
(POPs).
R - T A
Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Emission inventory of POPs in the CR
1993 1995 the Department of Foreign Affairs
Canada, through the Greenplan initiatives, funded
two studies to review the information on emission
measurements in the former Czechoslovakia (1993)
and Czech Republic (1995), which could be used to
elaborate emission rates/emission factors of
POPs. This study was co-ordinated by Axys
Environmental Consulting Ltd. (Sidney, Vancouver,
Canada) and involved the joint co-operation of
scientists from Czech Republic, Slovak Republic,
Norway and Canada. The major outputs I.
Holoubek et al. (1993) Compilation of Emission
Factors for POPs A Case Study of Emission
Estimates in the Czech and Slovak Republics. Z.
Parma et al. (1995) Atmospheric Emission
Inventory Guidelines for POPs.
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Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Emission inventory of POPs in the CR
During period 1997-1999, Czech Republic has
performed a very broad project concerning the
measurements of emission factors and emissions
from typical sources of POPs. These results were
used for actual emission inventory of POPs on the
territory of the Czech Republic. The summary of
results from these measurements for PAHs, PCBs,
PCDDs/Fs and HCB is shown in the following
Tables.
R - T A
Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Emission inventory of POPs in the CR

• The main sources of POPs in CR
• combustion of fossil fuels and wastes (coal
• fired stations), local heating systems)
• metallurgy,
• heat coal conversion processes,
• production and use of coke, asphalt and coal
• tars,
• catalytic cracking,
• traffic
• waste waters,
• landfills,
• crematoria,
• PAHs and carbon black production,
• forest fires,

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Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Emission inventory of POPs in the CR

R - T A
Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Emission inventory of POPs in the CR

R - T A
Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Emission inventory of POPs in the CR
The results from this research project were
compared with the official emission inventory of
POPs on territory of the Czech Republic, which
was prepared by Czech Hydrometeorological
Institute. The emission balance was processed
from available information on emission factors
(including technological state of sources in the
evaluated time period) and capacity data
(consumption of fuel, heat supplied in fuel,
production of selected technologies) for the
years 1990-2000. The sources of emission factors
were mainly the measurements of emission sources,
which were performed in CR during the period
1993-1999 (control measurements, research
projects). Capacity data sources were the
database of the Register of Emissions and Air
Pollution Sources (REZZO), Statistical yearbook
of the Czech Republic. 
R - T A
Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Emission inventory of POPs in the CR
The minimum, maximum and average emission values
were calculated for the required time period on
the basis of this information about emission
factors. The overall 1990-2000 emission balance
was prepared according to the 2001 work-plan for
the implementation of POPs Protocol of the
Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air
Pollution. Elimination of the outlying data and
establishing of the representative emission
factors for individual source categories were
performed because of the wide range of emission
factors. New data were added from the updated
3rd edition of Euroepan Guidebook.
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Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Emission trend of PCDDs/Fs g.y-1 in the CR
1990 - 2000
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Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Emission structure of the most important
categories of sources PCDDs/Fs
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Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Conclusions
The most important sources of selected POPs in CR
are

• PAHs local heating, coke production, mobil
  sources

• PCBs sinter plants, mobile sources, power
  plants

• PCDDs/Fs local heating, HWI

• HCB power plants, local heating, sinter plants

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Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Future topics

• The measurement of other category of sources

• Additional measurements of basic categories

• Verification of EFs

• Validation of source information

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Machálek, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Evaluation of POPs emissions - transport Total
emission of PCDFs in CR mg
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Adamec, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Problems in POPs traffic inventory

• POPs are emitted from traffic or are transported.
• Emission inventory relative without problems
  inventory based on the consumption of combusted
  fuel emission factors are known.
• Releases of transported comodities.
• Evaluation of releases from the roads spatial,
  temporal and local uncertain estimates.
• Inventory of wastes from the transport (very
  variable (old cars, reconstruction of roads..)
• Emission of POPs from the traffic is strongly
  influenced by age of cars
• Dramatic increasing of amounts of
  carsUnsufficient evidence of transported
  harmfull compounds

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Adamec, NPOPsINV, 2002
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Source evaluation of POPS atmospheric emissions
in the CR - projects of RD
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Ocelka et al., NPOPsINV, 2002
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POPs emissions from local heating systems -
effect of co-combustion of coal and biomass
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Ocelka et al., NPOPsINV, 2002
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PCDDs/Fs emissions form combustion of various
types of oils
R - T A
Ocelka et al., NPOPsINV, 2002