Reading

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Reading
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Key words to be used in Reading

• Botany / botanist / medicine / doctors and
  surgeons / trees and herbs/ make attempts/
  classify sth.into /species /organ / unique
• Carl linnaeus /Daniel solander / Joseph Banks/
  develop a friendship with sb.
• Have a appetite for sth./make a career, /appoint
  sb.as/ Royal society / on large scale / on the
  voyage / be involved in /lead a cosy life
• It was the British government that paid for /
  it was Joseph banks who made Kew a centre

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Relation between them

• Carl linnaeus was a famous Swidish botanist who
  developed a system to classify different species
  according to the arrangement of the male and
  female organs in the flowers.
• Daniel solander was a student of Carl linnaeus
  who went to England to promote his teachers new
  system and developed a lifelong friendship with
  Joseph banks.
• Joseph banks was a son of a wealthy family in
  England who had a appetite for knowledge and
  mdade several journeys and expeditions to study
  wild plants.
• James cook was appointed as the commander of the
  ship Endeavour on a expedition to Tahiti by the
  british Royal navyin 1768 .Joseph was on the ship
  with James cook too.

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Skimming

• When did botany become a
• special science?

After the eighteenth century.
2. How was plant species classified before the
work of Carl Linnaeus?
Plants are classified into herbs and trees,
according to the shape of the
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fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.
3. What is the difference between Linnaeus
system and that of the other scientists?
In Linnaeus system, the identification of
different species was based on the arrangement of
the male and female organs
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in the flowers, while the other scientists
classified plants into herbs and trees, according
to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had
flowers or not.
4. Was Daniel Solander a member of the Royal
Society?
No, he wasnt.
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5. What did Joseph Banks do on the three-year
voyage?
On their three-year voyage, Joseph Banks did
not only study and describe new plants he found,
he also looked out for new economic species and
became the first to move
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• crops from one continent to another on a large
  scale.

6. What was the relationship among the three
persons? Daniel Solander was the student of
Linnaeus and a lifelong friend of Joseph Banks.
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7. What great contributions did Joseph Banks
make to the birth of botany as a science?

He discovered many new animals and plants
during the three-year voyage he was involved in
enterprises such as the exploration
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of Africa and the settlement of Australia. During
his 42-year presidency of the Royal Society, he
helped to develop the royal gardens at Kew into
one of the greatest botanical gardens in the
world he accumulated a great deal of
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knowledge about plants and agriculture he also
built a greenhouse to experiment with growing
pineapples and it was he who made Kew a center
of scientific and economic research.
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Post-reading
2.What were the goals of James Cooks first
voyage around the world?
The goals of James Cooks first voyage around
the world the primary goal was to study the
passing of the planet Venus across the sun the
second purpose was to record, classify and
describe all plant
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and animal life observed during the trip the
third one was to search for an unknown southern
continent.
3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own
money to equip part of the expedition?
The reason was the British government
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would not pay for a new field of science as
botany.
4. How did scientists classify plants before
Linnaeus?
Before Linnaeus, the scientists classified
plants in this way they
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classified plants into herbs and trees, or
according to the shape of the fruit, or whether
they had flowers or not.
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Question
(
Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the
history of botany as a science?
Carl Linnaeus developed a new system to
classify the plant species.