MICE Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment

1
MICEMuon Ionisation Cooling Experiment

• Paul Drumm
• Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
• 19th May 2005

2
The Neutrino Factory
Factor of 10 in performance
Decay
America
Europe
Asia
3
Ionisation Cooling

• Benefits
• Small apertures
• ? lower cost/higher performance
• Challenges
• Must be fast (2.2 µs muon lifetime)
• Must be safe practical
• Cooling
• is 25 of the cost of a Neutrino Factory
• gives a factor of 10 in performance
• has never been done before
• has the challenge to combine liquid hydrogen,
  high-gradient RF power, and intense beams!

4
Cooling Channel
strong focus
long radiation length ? hydrogen
Cooling
Heating
Small Emittance
Large Emittance
m
m
Beam
Beam
One Cooling Cell
SC-Solenoid Cryogenic Absorber RF -Cavities
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MICE
EU design study 44/88 MHz US design study 201
MHz ? MICE Reproduces part of US study II
channel 201 MHz
Bz

• Proof of principle
• Engineering
• Safety
• Performance

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MICE
Cherenkov
Calorimeter
ToF
Tracking Spectrometers
Coupling Coils
Beam Diffuser
Matching Coils
RFCavities
Liquid Hydrogen Absorbers
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Performance aims
(No RF focusing in MICE)
(figure from proposal) initial large emittance
cooling initial small emittance heating Aim
for a 10 cooling effect measure eout/ein to an
accuracy of 10-3
8
m
Step I Spring 2007
Study Systematically
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The long road(some history)
THE MICE COLLABORATION 3 continents 7
countries 40 institute members 140 individual
members - Engineers physicists

• 2001 birth of MICE
• 2002 LoI to PSI RAL
• PSIve but no,
• RALyes ? requested a full proposal
• Early 2003 proposal to RAL
• IPR (Astbury) panel
• MICE-UK PPRP
• Autumn 2003 CCLRC gave scientific approval based
  on recommendations of the IPRP dependent on
  funding
• End 2003 MICE-UK went to Gateway (G1)
• Mid 2004 ok but reservations on international
  funding
• By late 2004
• Project costs schedule reviewed
• Phase 1 of project submitted to the Gateway
  (G23)
• Passed by PPARC science committee (? aware of
  Phase 2)
• March 2005 MICE went through PPARC council
  RCUK, and now (almost finally) CCLRC council
• ministerial announcement MICE funded April 2005
• 2005 Phase 1 approval funds in place

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MICE Phase 1

• Phase 1 builds
• The MICE muon beam line on ISIS/RAL
• The tracking and particle ID systems needed to
  measure the performance of the cooling channel
• Necessary RD towards phase II
• Phase 1 aims
• Characterisation of the muon beam
• Firm foundation for building the full MICE
  channel
• ? assurance for the intl. funding agencies

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Implementing MICE on ISIS
ISIS 50 Hz 800 MeV 300 µA
MICE 1 Hz 800 MeV 0.1 µA
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MICE Hall
Nimrod linac hall HEP test beam ? MICE
1950s equipment
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Implementing MICE on ISIS
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Layout
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(No Transcript)
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MICE at phase 1
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An Overview

• MICE Components
• Target Muon Beam - Decay solenoid
• Tracking Detector
• Absorber Module
• RF-Cavity Module RF power
• Infrastructure
• cryo, pwr, ctrls, intlck, mech.
• MICE web
• http//www.mice.iit.edu

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Beam line design

• production capture
• p Momentum selection
• decay
• m momentum selection
• matching section
• New target Straight-7 replaced
• Reuse elements from HEP Test beam (quads and
  dipoles)
• SC-solenoid from PSI
• Matching elements found

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Beam Line Elements

• supercritical helium

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Every (MICE) home should have one
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Schedule
PHASE 2
PHASE 1
2004 shutdown work
?
Key Milestone Work During Shutdown
Cryogenics
Critical items
Decay-Solenoid commissioning
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Scintillating fibre tracking detector
pattern recognition systematic
errors evaluated with cosmic rays stringent
tests in B field planned
MICE tracker Spectrometer
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Tracking Detector
Cosmic tests
Model forKEK test
Performance achieved ?light output ? resolution
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Absorbers Hydrogen Safety
Argon shroud ventilation

• 20 l each absorber
• Explosive 17 - 56
• Flammable 4 - 75
• Ignition 20mJ in air
• Gas. Density 6 of air
• Liq. Density 7 of water
• Particular problem of pumping
• Oxygen plates out on cold surfaces cannot be
  detected
• ISIS LH2 moderator is surrounded by vacuum
  an outer He layer

LH2
Vac-I
O2 Un-detectable
warm
cold
Vac-II
O2 detectable
In order for a hydrogen fire to occur, an
adequate concentration of hydrogen, the presence
of an ignition source and the right amount of
oxidizer (like oxygen) must be present at the
same time. But we know accidents happen! e.g.
defrosting a blockage with a hot air blower!?
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Hydrogen system layout metal hydride storage!
Venting turns out to be the most likely time
for accidents
Hydrogen storage tank
H2 absorber
H2 buffer tank
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MICE Cryogenics

• RAL/ISIS has no existing large cryogenic
  infrastructure
• MICE baseline design based on a central
  cryo-plant
• Expensive
• as much as 2M! (TCF50200W)
• Analysis heat all goes in transfer pipes!
• A better way?
• Cryocoolers only a few watts at 4K!

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Cryo-coolers as alternatives

• Solid state closed loop helium
• Careful thermal design of magnets and absorber
• Limit heat losses
• Cool down times made practical by using initial
  charge of LN2 LHe Cryo-cooler then maintains
  against heat leaks keeps temperature
• 8 hours with pre-cool
• Days without!
• Decay solenoid supercritical He - requires its
  own (small) refrigerator

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201 MHz Cavity RD
MUCOOL RD
Curved Be windows
0.38 mm thick, 420 mm dia.
201 MHz
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Emission in a magnetic field
805 MHz cavity in B field Enhanced field
emission! Need to see at 201 MHz
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Master Oscillator Controls etc
Los Alamos
CERN
(4616) (116)
300 kW Amplifier
300 kW Amplifier
300 kW Amplifier
300 kW Amplifier
HT Supplies
2 MW Amplifier
2 MW Amplifier
2 MW Amplifier
2 MW Amplifier
HT Supplies
LBNL
RF Power Systemdependent on
201 MHz Cavity Module
201 MHz Cavity Module
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refurbished RF kit
TH 116 / TH170
UK
Large devices! Baseline 8 MW identified 4
gt2.5MW subject to RD
LBNL
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Remaining Phase I issues

• Money ?
• Shielding
• Quads
• Decay solenoid
• Tracker Solenoid
• Funding of Phase II!
• Money
• need to progress!

Reuse of old equipment
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m
Step I Early 2007
MICE phase 1
MICE phase 2
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Funding How much do we need?

• MICE phase 1 estimated at 13M
• UK Contribution 10M
• Beam line
• Contributions to tracker
• Progress towards phase II
• Significant International Contribution
• Decay Solenoid
• Tracker detector
• Tracker solenoid

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Funding Outlook

• UK funds for phase 1
• OST 7.5M (ink still wet!)
• CCLRC (ASTeC 1.5M)
• PPARC (1.5M)
• Bid to PPARC for phase 2 (3M)
• US
• Through MUCOOL (1.4M/3 years)
• Other bids in progress O(2M)
• Spectrometer, Cavities, Coupling Coil,
• Absorber windows
• EU
• INFN bid to provide a spectrometer solenoid,
  detectors
• Switzerland (solenoid), Belgium, Netherlands,
  Italy
• important contributions to (pi) detector systems,
  DAQ
• JP
• Tracker, KEK tests, absorber

Funding Limited - Build on synergies
with MuCool program
? Situation not fully resolved beyond phase 1,
but hopeful that MICE will run with a cavity
module before end 2010
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Finally
MICE is off to a good start lots to do
backed by an enthusiastic and confident
collaboration watch this space