SPALL ERCMOVE

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SPALL/ ERCMOVE

• THE CASE OF THE NETHERLANDS
• Emine Dalyan, Capelle a/d Ijssel
• March 2006

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The Two Different Perceptions within the Dutch
Society Towards the Life Long Learning

• The autochtonus Dutch Adults

• The allochtonus Dutch Adults

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The autochtonus Dutch adults need the LLL,
because

• They need to acquire new skills to have a better
  chance in the job market.
• The living and working conditions of the 2nd
  modernity (Giddens, 1994 Beck, 1994) makes it
  necessary that employment requires a bunch of new
  skills from the individuals. They must learn to
  deal with individual and general questions and
  problems in a new manner and besides of
  traditional discourses. (often called as key
  skills).

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The autochtonus Dutch adults want the LLL,
because

• of their leisure times.
• Dutch adults tend to learn new languages or
  attend recreational activities in their leisure
  times. Volksuniversiteit is a private institution
  offering language, photography, pottery, drawing,
  fashion, cooking... etc classes and workshops.
  There are app. 10,000 adults/ year attending to
  their courses.

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The allochtonus Dutch adults are forced to
participate the LLL, because

• of the Dutch Immigration Law.
• According to the new adopted section of the law,
  the immigrants have to pass the language and
  integration tests before they are accepted to
  live in the Dutch society. To pass the test, a
  basic knowledge of Dutch is required. There are
  even Dutch language schools opened for the
  candidate immigrants in their home countries.
  (burden is exported to the home country)

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The allochtonus Dutch adults need the LLL,
because

• They need to acquire new skills in their new
  environment and transfer some of their former
  skills to empower themselves.
• The immigrant adults need to develop new skills
  to become wanted in the job-market.
• The Dutch business world has two equally
  important characteristics traditional
  international. The traditional aspect of the
  business world requires the new comers at least
  seek for a better understanding of the Dutch way
  of doing things.

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The allochtonus Dutch adults want the LLL,
because

• They want to become equal members of the Dutch
  society.
• Adult migrants want to further develop their
  skills. However, there are certain restrictions
  for them. They usually feel uncomfortable when
  they follow a LLL activity with the autochtonus
  Dutch adults. They feel intimidated and
  neglected. They usually follow the LLL programmes
  developed by the migrants civil society
  organisations.

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(Continues from the previous page)

• Most of the migrants civil society organisations
  lack the rigour, knowledge, capacity and the
  human resources to provide an effective LLL.
• Unlike the formal education, there is no code of
  conduct or a transfer system of the organisations
  giving education and training services for the
  immigrant adults.
• The Dutch authorities are unwilling to co-operate
  with such organisations. Only some local
  authorities co-operate. (i.e. Delfshaven Mekan
  Vereniging)

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• The migrant adults (allochtonus Dutch) feel
  neglected by the Dutch government.
• The LLL facilities provided by the civil society
  organisations do not perform according to their
  needs. For this reason, the migrant adults tend
  not to follow the LLL programs.
• The private sector refer the migrant adults
  reluctant to pay for the LLL, therefore they do
  not develop programmes especially designed for
  the migrant adults.

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Is there a need for adult migrants participation
to the LLL?

• The findings of this research showed that
• The allochtonus and the autochtonus Dutch agree
  upon the importance of the term integration. It
  is referred as the most important problem of the
  Dutch society.

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• There are basically two groups of indicators of
  integration. The structural-functional and the
  socio-cultural indicators. The autochtonus and
  the alloctonus Dutch adults agree upon the first
  group. (work, language, housing).
• Their view differ with regard to the second group
  of indicators. (inter-ethnic marriage, friends,
  religion).

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• The local Dutch adults expect the migrant adults
  to be less demanding about their civil and
  cultural rights, while the immigrant adults tend
  to expect respect to a great extent.
• Above all, the LLL is simply required to foster
  the education of the migrant adults about their
  civil liberties within a democratic society.

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Tentative Conclusions and Recommendations

• The strategies to manage the adult migrants
  participation to the LLL would be
• - Flexibility of the time schedule
• - The enlargement of accesibility (percentages of
  part-time students, positive discrimination)

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• - to overcome the lack of national measures, a
  general code of conduct regarding the LLL
  activities.
• - to promote co-operation between the civil
  society organisations providing the LLL.
• - to accelerate professionalization of adult
  educators, especially in the civil society
  sector.
• - to develop communication and co-operation
  between three sectors.

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• - to facilitate the availability of information
  and counselling services for migrant adults.
• - to further democratic participation and be
  effective on decision-making. Lobby to change the
  policy statements (laws, regulations,
  recommendations or reports) that are incapable of
  promoting and generating the LLL.

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• - to expand the extent of the LLL through the
  involvement of other sectors such as agriculture,
  environment, health and justice.
• - to create funding sources for adult education.