Gururaj Pagad

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INFLUENCE OF HOMA ON GROWTH MEDIA, DISTANCE,
DIRECTION AND MICROBIAL BIO-DIVERSITY DURING
YAGNA

• By,
• Gururaj Pagad
• UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
• Dr. H,R, NAGENDRA.,M.E.,Ph.D.
• Dr. D. RADHAKRISHNA.,MSc(Ag)., Ph.D

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for
the degree of Master of science (yoga
science) SWAMI VIVEKANANDA YOGA ANUSANDHANA
SAMSTHA (S VYASA) NO 19,EKNATH BHAVAN GAVIPURAM
CIRCLE,K.G NAGAR,BANGALORE-560018
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• A hundred times everyday i remind myself
• that my inner and outer life depend on
• the labours of other men , living and dead ,
• and that i must exert myself in order to give in
• the measure as i have received
• and am still receiving .
• - ALBERT EINSTEIN

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INTRODUCTION

• Agnihotra is for purification and healing of the
  atmosphere
• Nikaame Nikaame Ha Vai Tatra Parjanyo Varshati,
• Phalinyo Ha Vai Tatra Oashadhayah Pachyanthey,
• Kalpathey Ha Vai Prajaabhyo Yogakshemaha
• Yatraitheyna Yajneyna Yajanthey
• Taittiriya Brahmanam, 3813
• "It will rain abundantly whenever we desire
  plants and trees will bear fruits and grains
  profusely People will attain Yogakshema -
  welfare, security and prosperity Where yajna is
  performed."

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• The current literary study focuses on the
  literary works available with reference to /
  homa/ agnihotra and its effects on environment
• The study also covers the classification of Homa,
  rationale of Yagnas, and their effect on living
  systems and biodiversity.
• A systematic practical approach to yajna became
  yoga with its many forms and a good
  methodological approach towards the issue
  liberation.

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• It is tenable to say that by the practice of
  parts yajna has acquired a worldwide recognition
  as a valuable spiritual inheritance.
• Yagna also appears to be a promising scientific,
  cost effective, eco-friendly method to counter
  the pollution and purification of the environment.

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AIMS OF THE STUDY

• Literary survey on YAJNAS, YAGAS, AGNIHOTRA AND
  HOMAS (FIRE-SACRIFICES)
• Experimental Research on the effect of Homa
  emissions on the physical, chemical and
  biological properties of selected microflora,
  media and water.

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OBJECTIVES

• To survey relavant ancient scriptures on Yajnas,
  summarize the concept and details of Yajnas and
  their influence on the environment.
• To study the influence of emissions on occurrence
  and distribution of aerosol micro flora.
• Determination of possible activation/potential
  effect of emissions on water and culture media
  and its effect on growth characteristics.
• To study the influence of yagna on growth
  behavior of certain agriculturally important
  microorganisms.
• To study homa effect on water, growth media,
  microbial population and bio-diversity, with
  reference to isolation distance, and directions.

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Parameters of study

• Emission effect .
• Effect on growth Media (inoculated and
  uninoculated), water ( pH).
• Optical density of liquid media and water.
• Growth and Behaviour-Fungi Bacteria.
• System effect on Microbial population.
• Photosensitizer effect on Rose Bengal .

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EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

• The entire experiment was conducted at the site
  of
• SHREE RAMA TARAKA MAHAYAGA
• in Shimoga, performed by
• Shree Ramachandrapura Math

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Experimental Layout

• The sampling sites consisted of four distances of
  5, 10, 30 and 50mts from the prahdana kund
  centre infour directions ,north south east and
  west.
• The total treatment period was 13 days.

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• Photosensetization effect
• A 2 agar medium was prepared with Rose Bengal
  dye.
• The melted agar medium was poured aseptically
  into pre sterilized perti dishes and allowed to
  solidify.
• These plates were kept in poly propylyene bags,
  and sealed and placed at each sampling site.
• All the materials used were in five replications.

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• Emmission effect on the environment
• The four different fungal cultures fungal
  cultures namely Aspergillus, Trichoderma,
  Phanerochaete and Penicillium were inoculated on
  RBA .
• Four bacterial cultures namely Pseudomonas
  fluorescence, Bacillus megaterium, E.coli and
  Lactobacillus were inoculated on to agar medium
  without Rose Bengal .
• All the plates were exposed to emissions as
  indicated earlier.
• The growth was measured in terms of mycelial
  spread and sporulation in fungi and slime
  (exopolysaccharide) production in bacteria.

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RESULTS

• In western direction variation was seen where
  the O. D was maximum at 10m and 50m.
• In north direction the O. D. was maximum at 5m
  (0.59) and minimum at 10m (0.01).
• In south direction there was a gradual increase
  in O. D. from 0.029 at 5m to 0.06 at 50m.
• The emission effect was maximum in the north at
  50m.
• The effect was relatively high in the North
  direction at 5m and 50m in west and south
  directions and 30m in East direction.
• The effect was found to be maximum in North
  direction compared to other direction.

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• In the East direction the turbidity was maximum
  at 5m (maximum 0.115 OD.)
• In the west, the turbidity decreased from 5m to
  30m but increased at 50m distance (0.08 OD.)
• In North the OD. was found to be same on 5m and
  30m distance as well as 10m and 50m distance.
• In south direction the O D. increased from 0.083
  at 5m to 0.103 at 10m and from then onwards
  reduced with distance.
• The emission increased the turbidity at 5m
  distance and the growth decreased with distance.

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• A slight decrease in OD was recorded in south.
• Not much difference among the different distances
  in north direction was observed.
• These results indicated a certain type of
  ionization potential of the emissions on water.
• The effect decreased at 50m and was at a higher
  level at 10- 30m distance.
• The effect in North direction was prominent
  compared to other directions.

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• There was no change in pH in east and west (pH-6)
  at all distances.
• In north, an increase in pH 8 was recorded. pH
  remained same at all distances.
• In south, the pH remained 6 from 5-30m but
  increased to 7 at 50m distance.
• Increased pH may be correlated to the increased
  ionization effect of water due to emissions.

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• The pH of the liquid media increased in all the
  directions at all the distances( pH- 8),whereas,
  in North, the pH increased to 9
• conclusively proves, the changes in the
  turbidity of the liquid medium as well as the
  changes in the pH of the water exposed to
  emissions, is a consequence of ionization
  potential of the emissions which might have
  released the cations into the liquid medium.

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• pH changes were observed at all distances and in
  all directions compared to control. The changes
  were significant.
• An increased pH was detected in North and South
  directions, where as an decrease in pH was
  observed in East and West.
• Change in media properties indicated by the
  results

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pH of 8 was maintained at all directions except
in north, where pH 6 was recorded at all the
distances.

• Results also indicate cationic activity, capable
  of changing pH of water at all directions and
  distances compared

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• The bacterial population was almost same at all
  the distances in the east , west and south
  directions.
• The bacterial population was relatively lower in
  north direction and at 5m- 30m distance, but
  increased at the 50m distance.
• The lowest population in the north direction may
  be due to the reduction of pH of media due to
  exposure to emissions.

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• The fungi showed variation in its distribution.
• The lowest population level was at east and north
  at 5m distance followed by south, and maximum in
  west.
• The population level gradually increased from
  10m 50m in east, north and south directions
• At north, the fungal population showed a very
  significant increase at 10m but reduced at 30m
  and further increased at 50m.
• In general the fungal population was almost
  similar at 50m in all directions.

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• The photodegradation effect of emission was
  detected at 5m distance in all directions.
• At 30m, the intensity was maximum with complete
  decolorization of the dye in all treatments
  except in north.
• Further at 50m decolorization was total and
  uniform in all directions
• In the north, there was slightly lower
  photooxidation of the dye compared to all other
  directions and exhibited dye retention at all
  distances.

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• Photosensitization effect at the distance 5 and
  10m was less compared to control, the effect
  increased at 30 and 50m

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EFFECT OF PHOTOSENSITIZATION ON FUNGAL INOCULATED
PLATES

• All the four fungi have shown very good growth

• Antagonistic activity of
• Trychoderma on
• Phanerochaete
• and Aspergillus was evident.

• The dye accumulation was maximum in Penicillium.

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• In the first distance5m,
• All the four cultures showed growth, with
  Phanerochaete and Trichoderma showing little
  growth indicating the positive effect of homa.
• In the second distance10m,
• growth of all the fungi is reduced.
• Penicillium(3) has shown the accumulation of the
  dye.
• Indicates stress conditions due to emissions,
  which have a negative effect on fungi at 10m.
• In the Third distance30 m,
• In general, a growth improvement can be seen
• Growth of Aspergillus and trichoderma was
  comparatively higher
• Growth of Penicillium reduced and Phanerochaete
  improved
• In the fourth distance50 m, while there was
  complete photooxidation of rose bengal in the
  north.
• Penicillium was able to prevent the breakdown of
  rose bengal even at the fourth distance.
• This could be related to the drop in pH in north
  direction. This needs further investigation

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• Growth of Aspergillus and Phanerochaete was high,
  indicating a positive effect at 50m.
• Sporulation of trichoderma reduced compared to
  third distance indicating the positive effect at
  50m , while it was absent in the first and second
  distance indicating stress conditions at closer
  distances, 1020m.

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• The pH of water when exposed to the aerosol
  showed uniform changes (pH 6) except in east
  direction which recorded a pH of 8 in all
  directions.
• Results indicate high cationic activity which
  could have resulted in increased pH of water
  exposed to aerosols.
• Direction had a significant role in the change of
  pH of sterile water exposed to aerosols.

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• There were no significant difference in the OD
  due to exposure to the aerosols of homa in all
  directions.
• In general the OD decreased with the distance.
• The maximum effect of aerosol on liquid medium
  was detected in east direction followed by west,
  north and south respectively.
• In general, the OD increased significantly in the
  aerosol exposed sterile broth compared to control.

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CONCLUSIONS

• It may be concluded that the nature and role of
  Vedic sacrifice (Fire Sacrifice) in its multiple
  forms became integrated at the level of the
  present religious practices in India.
• Yagna has a definite effect on living systems
  studied with reference to bacteria and fungi.
• High cationic activity is indicated by the
  results.
• Effect of Yagna increases with the distance from
  the centre of the Glow zone (kund) (50m studied
  distance)
• Homa emissions have photosensitizing effect on
  Rose Bengal.
• Homa emissions increased the growth of
  microorganisms at 5m and decreased with distance
  as measured by cell density and microbial spores.

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• Homa emissions had an ionizing effect on water
  and liquid medium including the aerosol.
• The results in the changes of the pH of water,
  liquid broth and agar plates indicated that there
  may be an ionizing effect of the emissions in the
  north direction while other three direction did
  not show much variations.
• The results with reference to the pH and the
  turbidity have indicated that the emission effect
  was stimulatory in east, west and south direction
  , while the north direction had an inhibitory
  type of effect.
• Some scientists working with rats found the brain
  wave patterns in the north were eratic.
• The generation of the emissions of Homa are
  contained energy system - termed bioplasmic
  energy and this might have brought about a
  change in physical, chemical and biological
  properties of the studied subjects

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SUGESSTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK

• The experiments could be conducted under
  controlled conditions ,in order to confirm and
  reassess the results of the present study.
• More number of photosensitizer dyes could be
  included.
• Specific microorganisms and media could be
  considered.
• The current study is laminar, include height as
  one of the parameters of study.

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• Qualitative and quantitative determination of
  volatile organic substances and microbial density
  could be done.
• Further, the influence of emissions on metabolism
  of Bacteria and Fungi could be studied.
• The future studies could focus on changes at a
  molecular level.

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Thank You