architecture

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architecture
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early architecture
local materials primarily functional with little
concern for form
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load bearing
stacking simplest form of construction
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post and lintel
vertical posts horizontal lintel span limited
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columns
capital shaft base
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Greek column styles
Doric
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Greek column styles
Ionic
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Greek column styles
Corinthian
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Temple of Athena Nike, Athens
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round (Roman) arch
keystone
bearing immense loads, spanning considerable
distance keystone transfers weight to posts
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arch bridge aqueduct
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Colosseum, Rome
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Colosseum (interior), Rome
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barrel vaultextended arch
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groin vaulttwo barrel vaults crossed at right
angles
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Romanesque
solid walls few windows dark interior plain
exterior
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pointed (Gothic) arch
pier
flying buttress
flying buttresses more ornate buildings
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flying buttresses
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Chartres Cathedral, France
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dome
an arch rotated 360 on its axis hemispherical mus
t be supported from the outside
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Pantheon, Rome
based on a Roman (rounded) arch rotunda - dome
sits on a drum oculus - opening at the
top supported by stepped buttresses
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Hagia Sofia, Istanbul
pendentives - transition from round dome to
square building minarets - slender towers or
spires
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cast-iron
relatively high tensile-strength light compared
to stone support considerable weight capable of
spanning great distances
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Alexander Gustave Eiffel
Eiffel Tower, Paris
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steel-frame
much stronger and lighter than cast-iron skeleton
-and-skin immense loads extreme heights
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first genuinely modern building Wainwright
Building, St. Louis
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sky scrapers
development of the elevator
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Frank Lloyd Wright
Falling Water, Pennsylvania
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Guggenheim Museum, New York