The bees and the honey

1
The bees and the honey Looking behind the
optimistic statistics
Camilla Gidlöf Women and Science Unit, European
Commission
Enwise Valorisation Conference, Tallinn, 9
September 2004
2

• RD Statistics in the Enwise countries

• ETAN-report and Helsinki Group of Women and
  Science identified the need for statistics on
  women's participation in science in Europe
• Statistical Correspondents established in 2000
• Enwise countries involved in these two groups
  from the start
• Statistics generally of good quality in Enwise
  countries

3
Percentage of women researchers
Germany 15 women researchers
women
Latvia 52 Lithuania 47 Bulgaria 46 Portugal 44
Estonia 43 Romania 43 Greece 41 Slovak
Republic (1) 40 Sweden 38 Poland 38 Slovenia
36 United Kingdom 35 Spain 35 Hungary 33 Belgi
um (3) 30 Luxembourg (2) 30 Ireland 29 Finlan
d 28 Italy 27 Netherlands (1)
27 France 27 Czech Republic 27 Denmark 26 Au
stria 19 Germany (1) 15
gender balance 40-59 women
Latvia 52 women researchers
gender imbalance 20-39 women
Footnotes (1) FTE as exception to HC DE IE
(GOV BES) NL (HES) SE (GOV) SK (2) Data
provisional (3) Data not official
major gender imbalance lt 20 women
Reference year 2000 (EU-15) and 2001 (Enwise
countries) Exceptions to reference years EU-15
BE 2001 DK (BES), DE (BES), EL, ES (BES), IE
(GOV BES), PT, SE (GOV) 1999 AT 1998 Data
missing BE, NL (GOV BES missing) LU, SE, UK
(BES missing).
4

• Percentage of women as researchers and FP
  evaluators

5
Women researchers in the Enwise countries in 2001
()
6
Women researchers in the Enwise countries plus
France, Finland Portugal in 2001 (HC)
7
Women in a wider employment perspective, 2002
8
Researchers across sectors, 2001
9
Researchers across sectors, 2001
10
Researchers across sectors, 2001
11
Women researchers by main field of science, 2000
12
Women researchers by main field of science, 2000
13
RD expenditure per capita researcher by field of
science, Euros per annum, HES GOV, 2000
14
RD expenditure per capita researcher by field of
science, Euros per annum, HES GOV, 2000
15
RD expenditure per capita researcher by field of
science, Euros per annum, HES GOV, 2000
16
RD expenditure per capita researcher by sector,
Euros per annum,2001
17
Percentage of women researchers
(headcount) compared to RD expenditure per
capita researcher (women men) per annum
Reference year EU-15 2000, Enwise countries
2001 Source Eurostat ST statistics, FTE as
exception to HC
18
Honeypot scores by sector field of science
19
Correlation between Honeypot scores by sector and
Gross expenditure on RD per capita Researcher,
2001
20
Gender Pay Gap
Lithuania Monthly Gross Earnings 2001
Slovak Republic Womens salaries as a percentage
of mens salaries
21
Opening doors in Poland?
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• Particular characteristics of the context of RD
  in Enwise countries that can be seen in the
  statistics

• Higher representation of women among researchers
  than EU-15
• Slightly higher participation of women in the
  labour force than in EU-15
• Much higher proportions of women among
  Professionals (ISCO-2 ) than EU-15
• Apart from Poland, Hungary and Romania
  populations, labour forces and research
  populations relatively small
• RD expenditure in absolute terms and per capita
  researcher far lower than in EU-15 in all
  countries except Slovenia

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• What did we learn?

• Higher representation of women does not
  necessarily mean less inequality
• Unequal access for women researchers to RD
  funds
• Need more information on gender pay gap

OK ladies! Now those who vote for the future
should raise their hands!
Source Lendvai, Ildikó (2002). Women on the
stage and in the audience of politics,
Népszabdság, 01.02.2002, Budapest