Spain

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Spain

• monarchs

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Until the reign of Carlos I Spain was divided
into the separate kingdoms of Castile, Leon,
Aragon, and Navarre. Most of modern Spain was
allied when Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand
of Aragon
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Isabella and Ferdinand married 1469

• Isabella the Catholic
• Start of the unification of Spain
• Granada Moors
• Treaty of Granada 1492 Moriscos
• Jews Conversos
• 1492 Alhambra Decree
• Spanish Inquisition Tomas de Torquemada
• Hermanada
• Ferdinand control of Naples battling to keep
  French out of Italy
• Children Joanna the Mad
• Catherine of Aragon
• Isabella was succeeded by her daughter Joanna the
  Mad (rule actually by son Charles V)
• Ferdinand succeeded by his grandson Charles V HRE
• use of religion to unify a nation who is
  more powerful here the church or the
  monarchy?????

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• Charles I of Spain r. 1516-1556
• See Holy Roman Emperors
• Charles V HRE
• First monarch to use term His Majesty His
  Imperial Majesty as the Spanish and Habsburg
  lands were so vast
• Spanish to God, French to men, Italian to women
  and German to his horse
• Ambiguous relationship with France
• Legitimate children Philip II of Spain
• Illegitimate children Margaret of Parma
• Charles inherited the Low Countries and
  Franche-Comté from his father ruled by his aunt
  Margaret as regent when Charles was young
  Charles grew up here area responsible for trade
  to the HRE

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• Inherited Habsburg lands in 1519 when Maximilian
  died election as HRE held up by Francis I of
  France and Pope Leo X 1527 Spanish troops
  invaded Rome and attacked the papacy Charles
  crowned HRE by Clement VII 1530 the last HRE to
  receive a papal coronation
• In Spain, Charles installed an imperial rule
  upset many
• Expanded Spanish territories in New World
• War with France
• 1521 HRE, England, Papacy vs. France and Venice
  drove French out of Milan and defeated the
  French at BATTLE OF PAVIA 1525 Francis I forced
  to sign TREATY OF MADRID 1526 France gave much
  of Burgundy to Charles Parlement of Paris later
  renounced treaty
• League of Cognac Papacy, England, Venice,
  Florence and Milan to resist HRE SACK OF ROME
  1527 the Imperial control of the papacy
  prevented a Catholic annulment of the marriage of
  Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.
• Treaty of Cambrai 1529 Ladies Peace Charles
  aunt Margaret and Francis Is mother France
  gave up claims in Italy and France retained
  Burgundy
• 1535 Charles tried to place his son Philip as
  Duke of Milan Charles allied with Duke of Savoy
  inconclusive war French allied with Ottoman
  Sultan Suleiman I Franco-Ottoman navies
  attacked Nice Charles allied with Henry VIII
• 1551 Henry II of France fought Charles in
  Lorraine inconclusive Charles abdicated 1556
• War against the Ottoman Turks 1529 Turkish
  siege of Vienna 1526 Hungarians defeated at
  Battle of Mohacs
• REFORMATION An argument between monks a
  religious and political attack on the power of
  the HRE
• 1556 abdicated- Spain and Low Countries to son
  Philip II brother Ferdinand I became HRE

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• Philip II son of Charles V
• King of Spain 1556-1598
• King of Naples and Sicily 1554-1598
• King of Portugal 1580-1598
• Co-Regent of England 1556-1558
• Developed empire in the Americas with gold and
  silver from the native peoples
• Led a bloody war in the Netherlands to maintain
  Spanish and Catholic power
• Organized Spanish Armada to conquer England
• m.1. Maria of Portugal
• m.2. Mary I of England
• m3. Elizabeth of Valois
• m.4. Anne of Austria daughter of Maximilian II
  HRE and Maria of Spain (Philips sister) YES he
  married his niece
• Succeeded by his son Philip III

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• PHILIP III R. 1598-1621
• son of Philip II and his fourth wife
• m. Margaret of Austria sister of Ferdinand II
  HRE
• their daughter Anne of Austria m. Louis XIII of
  France
• succeeded by son Philip IV

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• PHILIP IV r. 1621-1665
• m. Elizabeth of Bourbon daughter of Henry IV of
  France
• their daughter MARIA THERESE OF SPAIN m. Louis
  XIV of France this led
• to the WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION
• m2. Mariana of Austria
• their son was Charles II of Spain
• succeeded by his son Charles/Carlos II

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• CHARLES II/CARLOS II El Hechizado The
  Bewitched
• r. 1665-1700
• Charles suffered from the inbreeding of the
  Habsburgs ex. His grandmother was also his aunt
  he was descended from Joanna the Mad 14
  different ways
• He was exorcised he was physically and mentally
  deformed
• m. Marie Louise of Orleans niece of Louis XIV
  of France her husbands impotency led her to
  obesity and death in her twenties.
• Charles often had his dead relatives exhumed in
  order to look at them.
• he left no children leading to the WAR OF THE
  SPANISH SUCCESSION his sisters grandson Philip
  was placed on the throne.

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• PHILIP V The First Bourbon Spanish Monarch
• r. 1700-1746 grandson of Philip IV of Spain
• son of Louis, Le Grand Dauphin
• son of Louis XIV of France and Maria Therese of
  Spain
• his reign was brought about by the WAR OF THE
  SPANISH SUCCESSION European nations feared that
  a Bourbon on the throne of Spain and France would
  alter the balance of European power. The was
  ended with the Treaty of Utrecht Philip was
  allowed to remain as king BUT the two thrones
  could never be united.
• succeeded by his son Ferdinand VI

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• FERDINAND VI r. 1746-1759 succeeded by his
  half-brother Charles III

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• CHARLES III r. 1759-1788 also King of the Two
  Sicilies
• son of Philip V
• succeeded by son Charles IV

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• CHARLES IV r. 1788-1808 abdicated when Spain was
  overrun by NAPOLEON who made his brother Joseph
  king of Spain
• painting of Charles IV and his family by GOYA

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• JOSEPH BONAPARTE
• r. 1808-1813 placed on the throne of Spain by
  his brother NAPOLEON removed from power by the
  forces against Napoleon

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• FERDINAND VII r. 1813-1833 son of Charles IV
• Restored to power after the defeat of Napoleon
• REVOLUTION OF 1820 Ferdinand gave in to liberal
  reforms only later to have conservative forces
  from the French, etc. help him regain all power
  and negate the liberal reforms.
• succeeded by his daughter Isabella II

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• ISABELLA II r. 1833-1868/1870
• CORTES abandoned Salic Law
• Corrupt leader and government
• Revolution of 1868 forced her removal she
  abdicated in 1870
• Her removal was a cause of the Franco-Prussian
  War 1870-1871
• 1870 the Spanish government elected Amadeus son
  of Victor Emmanuel of Italy as king but he
  abdicated in 1873 and was followed briefly by the
  FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC but in 1874 Isabellas son
  Alfonso XII regained the throne.

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• AMADEUS
• r. 1870-1873
• abdicated replaced by the First Spanish
  republic 1873-1874 1874 Alfonso XIII assumed
  power

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• ALFONSO XII
• r. 1874-1885 son of Isabella II
• succeeded by his son Alfonso XIII

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• ALFONSO XIII r. 1886-1931
• Born several months after his fathers death
• m. Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg granddaughter
  of QUEEN VICTORIA
• removed from power when the SECOND SPANISH
  RPEUBLIC was declared in 1931 went into exile
  tried to influence the Spanish Civil War.
• his son Juan de Borbon, Count of Barcelona was
  his heir but never recognized as king in 1975
  after the death of Spanish dictator FRANCISCO
  FRANCO Spain became a constitutional monarchy
  under the rule of Juans son

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• JUAN CARLOS r. 1975-
• grandson of Alfonso XIII