Title: Artistic Resizing A Technique for Rich ScaleSensitive Vector Graphics
1Artistic ResizingA Technique for
RichScale-Sensitive Vector Graphics
- Pierre Dragicevic
- Stéphane Chatty
- David Thevenin
- Jean-Luc Vinot
Direction Générale de lAviation Civile
2Graphically Rich User Interfaces
- Graphic designers are given moreand more
importance in GUIs - Exploitation of vector graphics(e.g, Scalable
Vector Graphics) - IntuiKit Chatty et al, UIST04
3The Resizing Problem
- Fixedsize
- Naivescaling
- Common resizing
4Expressing Resizing
- Resizing is commonly described using formulae
- These formulae are
- Translated into code by the programmer
- Or used as an input to constraint-solving systems
5Expressing Resizing
- But designers think visually
- They are used to produce visual variants
- Variants are also useful to convey general laws
On whitepaper
Smallsize
On blackpaper
Mediumsize
On redpaper
6Expressing Resizing
- Layout design relies on perception and aesthetics
- Does not translate into simple formulae
7Artistic Resizing
- Designers produce variants using their
authoring tool
- IntuiKit interprets the example set
8Artistic Resizing
- Supports invariants but also finely tuned
behaviors
9Artistic Resizing A scenario
10Artistic Resizing A scenario
11Artistic Resizing A scenario
12Artistic Resizing A scenario
13Artistic Resizing A scenario
14Artistic Resizing A scenario
15Artistic Resizing A scenario
?
16Artistic Resizing How does it work?
- Assumes the exclusive use of
- Copy paste for adding new examples
- Affine transformation tools (move, scale, rotate,
shear) - Based on local interpolation of transformations
17Artistic Resizing How does it work?
- Each variant of T1 is associated withthe
examples bounding box
T1
T1
T1
T1
18Artistic Resizing How does it work?
- Problem of multivariate interpolation
T1
T1
height
T1
?
transf.
T1
width
19Artistic Resizing Orthogonal Interpolation
- An affine transformation matrix
T1
a13
a12
a11
X
X0
a22
a23
a21
Y
Y0
1
0
0
1
1
20Artistic Resizing Orthogonal Interpolation
- Orthogonal Interpolation hypothesis
- Width only impacts the X contribution
- Height only impacts the Y contribution
a13
a12
width
a11
X
X0
a22
a23
height
a21
Y
Y0
1
0
0
1
1
21Artistic Resizing Orthogonal Interpolation
- X and Y contributions are projected onto separate
axis
height
T1
Y transf.
X transf.
width
22Artistic Resizing Orthogonal Interpolation
- A piecewise linear interpolation is performed on
each axis
height
Y transf.
X transf.
width
T
?
23Artistic Resizing Properties of Orthogonal
Interpolation
- Structure-independent
- The interpolation is independent from the
waypoints have been structured into shapes and
groups - (Sodipodi)
(Illustrator)
T
T
T1
T2
T2
T1
g
g
p2
p1
p1
p2
p1
p2
p2
p1
?
24Artistic Resizing Properties of Orthogonal
Interpolation
- Preserves algebraic measures
- If horizontal or vertical distances are the same
on the examples they will remain the same
25Artistic Resizing Properties of Orthogonal
Interpolation
- Preserves relative ratios
- Ratios that are invariant on the exampleswill
remain invariant
26Artistic Resizing Properties of Orthogonal
Interpolation
- Preserves contacts
- Two points that coincide on the exampleswill
always coincide
27Artistic Resizing Properties of Orthogonal
Interpolation
- Preserves parallelism
- Two lines that are parallel on the exampleswill
remain parallel
28Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal
Interpolation
- Does not support composition
- Composing interpoled transformations may lead to
non-linear resizing behaviors
B
A
T1
T1
T2 Scale(0.1)
T2 Scale(1)
T3 Scale(20)
T3 Scale(1)
T4
T4
Scale 1
Scale 2
29Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal
Interpolation
- Does not support composition
- Scenegraphs must be normalized by pre-composing
transformation matrices
B
A
T1
T1
T2
T2
T3 Scale(2)
T3 Scale(1)
T4
T4
Scale 1
Scale 2
30Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal
Interpolation
- Does not support pure rotations
- Rotation Xshear Yshear
31Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal
Interpolation
- Dependent from the coordinates frame
- Interpolation properties depend on the orientation
32Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal
Interpolation
- Does not support cross-axis constraints
- No circles, squares, or squeezing effects
33Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal
Interpolation
- Does not support high-level constraints
- e.g., objects cant be told to carriage return
34Artistic Resizing vs. Animation Interpolation
- Techniques
- Separate storage of rotation (Flash, Director,)
- Polar decomposition Shoemake et al. 92
- Animation
- Monovariate (time)
- Axis-independence
- Objects rotate (rigidity)
- Can be precomputed
- GUI Resizing
- Bivariate (widthheight)
- Screen dependence
- Objects are elastic
- Must update interactively
35Artistic Resizing vs. Constraint Inference
- Demonstrational layout specification systems
- Peridot Myers 90
- Chimera Kurlander Feiner 93
- Constraint inference
- Extensive searchfor invariants
- Sensitive to combi-natorial explosion
- Over-constrained orunintended rules
- Orthogonal interpolation
- Ensures the preservation of interesting
invariants - Fast computation, even with complex vector
graphics - Limitations are known, results are easy to predict
36Artistic Resizing Other Related Work
- Layout models
- Boxes and glue (TeX, Swing,)
- 9-part tiling technique Hudson Tanaka 00
- Constraints
- Textual formulae
- Graphical frontendsHudson Mohamed 90
- Image interpolation
- Multiple Master Fonts
- Shape blending, image morphing
37Artistic Resizing Ongoing Future Work
- Interpolation of attributes and structure
- Support for parameterization
- Blending with traditional layout managers
- Testing with graphic designers
38Artistic Resizing Ongoing Future Work
- Interpolation of attributes and structure
- Support for parameterization
- Blending with traditional layout managers
- Testing with graphic designers
39Artistic Resizing
http//www.intuilab.com/artresize