Development of High ( )-Gossypol Stocks and Genetic Control of the Character

1
Development of High ()-Gossypol Stocks and
Genetic Control of the Character

• Alois A. Bell, Robert D. Stipanovic, and Lorraine
  S. Puckhaber
• USDA-ARS-SPARC
• College Station, TX

2
Gossypol Structure and Synthesis


H
O
Hemigossypol
Gossypol
3
The (R)-Enantiomer of Gossypol()-Gossypol Form
4
The (R)-Enantiomer of Gossypol()-Gossypol Form
rotation around bond due to steric hindrance
5
Effects of Gossypol in Poultry Diet
Mean Cumulative Weight Gain (MCWG gm) and
Cumulative Feed Conversion Ratios (CFCR) of
3-Wk-Old Broilers Fed Crushed Cottonseed (CCS)
Treatment n MCWG CFCR
0 CCS 60 742 a 1.58 c
5 Glandless CCS 30 752 a 1.63 b,c
5 Moco CCS 30 731 a 1.63 b,c
5 Glanded CCS 30 601 b 1.77 a,b
10 Glandless CCS 30 809 a 1.50 c
10 Moco CCS 30 507 c 1.81 a
10 Glanded CCS 30 338 d 1.91 a
From Bailey, C.A. et. al. J. Ag. Food Chem.
2000, 48, 5692-5695. Means with no common
letter within a column differ significantly (p
0.05).
6
Percentages of the Total Gossypol that Occurred
as the ()-Enantiomer in Seed and Flower Petals
Selected Parents and Gossypol Contents
Moco Line ()-Enantiomer ()-Enantiomer
(Texas No.) Seed Petals
2428 95.2 90.0
2439 93.2 97.7
2443 95.9 82.1
2446 96.7 92.7
2447 90.3 97.8
2450 93.4 98.3
2457 94.6 90.5
2461 86.9 98.0
Twenty seeds from a composite sample of several
plants were ground together for seed
determinations. Determined for 1-6 separate
flowers from single plants of each line.
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Distribution of ()-Gossypol in BC1
()-Gossypol Percentages in Petals and Seed
of (TX-2428 x Tamcot CAMD-E) x Tamcot CAMD-E
Backcross Progeny
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Distribution of ()-Gossypol in BC1
()-Gossypol Percentages in Petals and Seed
of (TX-2443 x Tamcot CAMD-E) x Tamcot CAMD-E
Backcross Progeny
9
Distribution of ()-Gossypol in BC1
()-Gossypol Percentages in Petals and Seed
of (TX-2457 x Tamcot CAMD-E) x Tamcot CAMD-E
Backcross Progeny
10
Distribution of ()-Gossypol in BC1
()-Gossypol Percentages in Petals and Seed
of (TX-2457 x Tamcot CAMD-E) x Tamcot CAMD-E
Backcross Progeny
G1G2
G2
G1
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Frequency Distribution of ()-Gossypol
Percentages in Seed of BC1 Progeny and Median
Values for Clusters A - D
12
Frequency Distribution of ()-Gossypol
Percentages in Petals of BC1 Progeny and Median
Values for Clusters A - D
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Segregation of ()-Gossypol in PetalsBC2 Progeny
(Suregrow 747)
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Segregation of ()-Gossypol in PetalsBC2 Progeny
(Stoneville 457)
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Expression of G1 Gene Alone in Petals(S1BC3
Progeny of 45-2-4)
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Expression of G2 Gene Alone in Petals(S1BC3
Progeny of 62-8-7)
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Expression of G1 or G2 Alone in Petals and Seed
G Genes ()-Gossypol in ()-Gossypol in
G Genes Petals Seed
None 65 58
G1 g1 74 74
G1 G1 95 90
None 64 61
G2 g2 88 70
G2 G2 90 74
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Expression of Combinations of G1 and G2 in
Petals/Seed of Segregating Progeny(S1BC3 Progeny
of 47-8-1)
19
Percentages of ()-Gossypol Over Generations
During the Development of Germplasm with Both G1
and G2
Accession Source Accession Source Maximum ()-Gossypol in Maximum ()-Gossypol in Maximum ()-Gossypol in Maximum ()-Gossypol in Maximum ()-Gossypol in Maximum ()-Gossypol in Maximum ()-Gossypol in Maximum ()-Gossypol in
Accession Source Accession Source Petals Petals Petals Seed Seed
No. G in Seed BC1 BC2 BC3 S1BC3 S2BC3 S1BC3 S2BC3
2428 75-96 86.0 89.2 89.0 98.3 98.6 91.9 93.2
2443 64-96 84.9 87.8 88.9 98.4 98.2 95.3 95.0
2446 88-97 85.5 89.1 91.4 97.9 98.5 88.8 93.4
2457 70-96 85.6 89.5 89.0 98.0 98.4 91.0 93.1
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Percentages of ()-Gossypol in Progeny with
Homozygous G1 or G2 Genes
Accession Source S2BC1 Seed S2BC1 Seed S2BC1 Seed S2BC3 Seed S2BC3 Seed S2BC3 Seed
Accession Source G1 G2 G1 G2
2428 91.2 68.4 86.2 -
2439 90.0 78.7 - -
2443 90.3 63.7 90.7 -
2446 91.7 73.5 - 69.3
2447 92.3 77.0 - -
2450 94.8 76.9 - -
2457 91.7 72.7 90.1 -
2461 95.9 83.0 - 75.3
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Conclusion

1. Combinations of G1 and G2 can be obtained in
   selfed progeny by combinations of petal and seed
   analyses.
2. High ()-gossypol lines that are homozygous and
   produce 93-95 ()-gossypol in seed have been
   developed.
3. The G1 gene alone can increase the
   ()-gossypol percentage to at least 90 in seed
   and is being evaluated as a single gene source of
   high ()-gossypol.