Thermal Treatment

1
Thermal Treatment

• ENVE 649

2
Thermal Processes

• Incineration
• turn to ash
• Other thermal process
• heat
• desorb
• breakdown

3
Incineration

• Volume reduction
• Some contaminates completely oxidized and
  destroyed
• Organics frequently reduced or eliminated
• Metals into ash
• Radioactive materials stay

4
Uses

• Municipal solid Waste
• Industrial and hazardous waste
• Sludges

5
Stoichiometry
6
Advantages of Incineration

• Volume and weight reduction
• 90 volume and 75 weight MSW typical
• Volume reduction is immediate
• Landfill is hundreds of years
• Can be done at point of generation
• medical waste
• Energy recovery
• Control of air discharge

7
Disadvantages of Incineration

• High initial cost
• Skilled operators required
• Not all materials can be burned
• Some materials require supplemental fuel
• Public Disapproval

8
Exhaust Gases

• Dioxin
• TCDD
• Made by burning
• Some chlorinated compounds
• A little produced
• PCBs
• A lot produced

9
Exhaust Gasses

• Hydrochloric acid
• Particulates
• If incinerator is not working properly
• incomplete combustion
• vaporization

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DRE

• Destruction and Removal Efficiency

11
DRE Required

• Usually 99.99 for each POHC
• Principal Organic Hazardous Constituent
• Need permit for each POHC, which might specify
  more stringent
• 99.9999 for chlorinated aromatic wastes

12
Key Design Parameters

• Temperature
• Residence time
• Turbulence
• Pressure
• Air supply
• Materials of construction
• Auxiliary Features

13
Flue Gas
AIR in
Pile of HW
Whats wrong with this picture?
14

• Thermal.com Scroll down and look at cross
  sections in sewage sludge and medical waste.
  Excellent descriptions of process.
• CrownAnderson (go to incinerators and look at
  pictures of types.)

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Soil treatment by heating and volatilization
Exhaust hot air
To small burner
Hot air from propane burner