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The Concept of Nature Versus Nurture

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Title: The Concept of Nature Versus Nurture


1
The Concept of Nature Versus Nurture
2
What is Nature Versus Nurture?
  • What determines our physical characteristics?
  • Heredity?
  • Nature
  • Environment?
  • Nurture

3
What is Nature Versus Nurture?
  • What determines our behavioral characteristics?
  • Heredity?
  • Nature
  • Environment?
  • Nurture

4
Nature and Nurture in the Nervous System
5
Nature and Nurture in the Nervous System
  • The neuron and its synapses are important in
    nature and nurture

1
1. http//chemistry.caltech.edu/fucose/Neural20C
oonections.htm
6
Nature and Nurture in the Nervous System
  • The neuron and its synapses are important in
    nature and nurture

1
2
1
1. http//biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?reque
stget-documentdoi10.1371/ journal.pbio.0040029
2. http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/15/P
urkinjeCell.jpg
7
Genetics
  • Heredity establishes tendencies
  • Basic circuitry
  • Behavioral traits
  • Diseases

8
Examples of Nurture
1
  • Sensitive Periods
  • Use is critical
  • Unused get pruned
  • Baby with cataracts or strabismus
  • Sexual orientation

1. http//www.bestnest.com/bestnest/RTProduct.asp?
SKUFEL-F-6
9
Developmental Milestones in the Nervous System
10
First Trimester
  • Week 2- Neurons begin to differentiate
  • Week 5- Synapses begin to form
  • Most sensitive period to adverse environmental
    influences

11
Second Trimester
  • Week 18- Fetus can move

1
18 Weeks
1. http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/
ency/fullsize/9575.jpg
12
Third Trimester
  • Sensory paths form

1
1. http//www.google.com/search?qFetussourceidm
ozilla2ieutf-8oeutf-8
13
Newborn to 3 Months
  • Visual and other systems start to mature
  • http//www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/episode1/infantvisio
    n/flash.html

14
During First Two Years
  • 100 billion nerve cells
  • Myelination begins
  • Motor systems begin to mature
  • Language begins to develop

15
During First Two Years
  • Emotional systems begin to develop
  • ?Memory systems develop
  • ?Sense of self develops

16
Two Years to 12 years
  • Trillions of synapses have developed
  • Sculpted by experience
  • Strengthened by experience

17
Teen Years
  • A second growth and sculpting spurt
  • Focused on the prefrontal region
  • Involved in judgment and planning
  • Teens are impulsive prior to the maturation of
    the frontal lobes

18
Teen Years
  • The brain continues to develop and synapses
    continue to form
  • Myelination continues to occur
  • Emotional systems and the brains attention
    system matures

19
Early 20s
  • ?Memory systems continue to mature
  • ?Prefrontal cortex continues to mature
  • Increasing ability to plan/exercise judgment
  • Myelination continues

20
Early 20s
  • New synapses and processes added
  • Language centers mature
  • Perception centers mature

1
2
1. http//neuro.psyc.memphis.edu/ugp/ugp-i-cortex3
.htm
2. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageSynapseIllus
tration2.svg
21
Up to 32 Years
  • Myelination occurs up to 32

1
Myelin
1. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin
22
The Aging Brain
  • Some small loss of cells and possibly some small
    decrease in the efficacy of synaptic transmission
  • Plasticity present through out life

23
Topics Covered
  • The Concept of Nature Versus Nurture
  • Nature and Nurture in the Nervous System
  • Developmental Milestones
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