Emergency Preparedness

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Emergency Preparedness

• A healthcare workers guide to emergency readiness

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Disasters

• Recent Disasters
• http//mediccom.org/public/cgi/discal.cgi
• Impact on the infrastructure
• Structural and non-structural hazards
• Home and workplace preparedness
• Community Preparedness

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Tipping Point

• http//webapps.nursing.vanderbilt.edu/incmcemodule
  s2/main.html
• The following clip displays a what if situation
  in a hospital (nursing) setting.

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Questions

• What about this event do you think the nurse will
  find similar to past experiences?
• What about this event do you think she will find
  different from anything she has dealt with
  before?
• What special coping skills do you think she will
  need and how can she develop them?
• What team dynamics can our nurse expect to change
  with this mass casualty situation? Why is
  teamwork so important in a mass casualty
  situation?
• What ethical considerations will arise in a large
  scale disaster situation?

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Triage

• The screening or classification of sick, wounded,
  or injured persons during disaster or war to
  determine the priority needs for efficient use of
  medical and nursing manpower, equipment and
  facilities.

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Kinds of Emergency

• Biological
• Burn Trauma
• Chemical
• Mental Health
• Pediatric
• Radiological
• More!

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CERT Organization

• Certified Emergency Response Team

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Disaster Psychology

• Team Well-Being
• Working with Survivor Trauma
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD)

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Terrorism

• What is Terrorism?
• Terrorist targets
• Terrorist weapons
• B-NICE indicators

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Handling of Casualties

• The prime purpose of all rescue work is to get
  the injured people out of danger and to medical
  help as quickly as possible. When the number of
  casualties outnumbers the immediate help
  available, the aim becomes one of trying to
  ensure the best use of time to effectively help
  the most people. (TRIAGE)

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ABCs

• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation

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One Rescuer Methods

• Human Crutch
• One Person Arm Carry
• Firemans Carry
• Drag Carry
• Blanket Drag
• Pick-A-Back
• Firefighters Crawl

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One Person Arm Carry
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Firemans Carry
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(No Transcript)
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Blanket Drag
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Pick-a-Back (Piggy-back)
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Firefighters Crawl
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Two-Rescuer Methods

• Chair Lift
• 2 Person Carry
• 2 Hand Seat Carry
• 4 Hand Seat Carry

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2 Person Carry
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2 Hand Seat Carry
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Four Hand Seat Carry
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Multi-Rescuer Methods

• Blanket Lift (do not use if head/neck injuries
  are suspected)
• 3 Person Lift and Carry
• Blanket Poles and Stretcher

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Five Stages of Rescue

• No hard and fast rules can be laid down for
  rescue work but, generally speaking, five stages
  of rescue are followed by trained rescue parties.
  
• Stage 1
• Reconnaissance and dealing with surface
  casualtiesExamine the site. Deal with surface
  casualties. Gather all possible information about
  other occupants of the building.

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Five Stages of Rescue

• Stage 2
• Location and removal of lightly-trapped
  casualtiesSearch immediately-accessible areas
  for casualties who can be rescued with minimal
  effort. Maintain contact with casualties inside
  who can be seen or heard but who cannot be moved
  immediately.

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Five Stages of Rescue

• Stage 3
• Exploration of likely survival pointsSearch the
  ruins and rescue all persons who can be seen or
  heard. This may include a calling and listening
  period.

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Five Stages of Rescue

• Stage 4
• Further exploration and selected debris
  removalSearch farther into the ruins where the
  chances of trapped people remaining alive seem
  remote. This may include removing debris from the
  more likely places where casualties may be
  located.

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Five Stages of Rescue

• Stage 5
• Systematic debris removalStrip selected areas of
  debris until all supposed casualties are
  accounted for. This includes removal of the dead
  and body parts. Identify buildings that have
  already been searched by using spray paint or
  signs. This method can also be used to mark
  buildings that may contain bodies.

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Organizations involved with Disasters

• The Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA,
  is an agency of the United States Department of
  Homeland Security. The purpose of FEMA is to
  coordinate the response to a disaster which has
  occurred in the United States and which
  overwhelms the resources of local and state
  authorities. The governor of the state in which
  the disaster occurred must declare a state of
  emergency and formally request from the President
  that FEMA and the federal government respond to
  the disaster.

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Organizations involved with Disasters

• In 2004, the Department of Homeland Security
  released the National Incident Management System
  (NIMS). NIMS was developed as a means for
  responders from different jurisdictions and
  disciplines to better work together during the
  response to natural disasters and emergencies,
  including acts of terrorism.
• NIMS benefits include a unified approach to
  incident management standard command and
  management structures and an emphasis on
  preparedness, mutual aid and resource management.

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Classroom Mock Disaster

• Teams will include
• Leader
• Search Rescue
• Triage
• Crowd Control
• Media Control/Release Statement