Science 9 - Nutrient Cycles

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NUTRIENT CYCLES
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Nutrient Cycles

• These are cycles in which matter (atoms) moves
  through the (1) living parts and (2) non-living
  parts of an environment

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Nutrient Cycles

• Matter is not created or destroyed, but is
  RECYCLED ? changes form!

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Matter Changing Form
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Classifying Matter

• All matter can be
• Organic Substances
• Matter in actual living tissue
• Always contain CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN atoms

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Classifying Matter

• Inorganic Substances
• All non-living matter
• Ex. Air, soil, water, etc.
• Do not contain combinations of CARBON HYDROGEN
  atoms

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Organic or Inorganic

• COW contains

• ORGANIC MATTER

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Organic or Inorganic

• ROCKS contain

• INORGANIC MATTER

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Organic or Inorganic

• HAMBURGER MEAT contains

• ORGANIC MATTER

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Organic or Inorganic

• CORN ON THE COB contains

• ORGANIC MATTER

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Organic or Inorganic

• GLASS OF WATER contains

• INORGANIC MATTER

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Organic or Inorganic

• CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) contains

• INORGANIC MATTER

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• There are many different cycles..

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The Nitrogen Cycle
Component
Input to soil
Loss from soil
Atmospheric nitrogen
Industrial fixation (commercial fertilizers)
Atmospheric fixation and deposition
Crop harvest
Animal manures and biosolids
Volatilization
Plant residues
Runoff and erosion
Biological fixation by legume plants
Plant uptake
Denitrification
Organic nitrogen
Nitrate (NO3)
Ammonium (NH4)
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Immobilization

Leaching
Mineralization
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The Phosphorus Cycle
Component
Input to soil
Loss from soil
Atmospheric deposition
Crop harvest
Animal manures and biosolids
Mineral fertilizers
Plant residues
Runoff and erosion
Primary minerals (apatite)

• Organic phosphorus
• Microbial
• Plant residue
• Humus

Mineral surfaces (clays, Fe and Al oxides,
carbonates)
Plant uptake
Weathering
Adsorption
Immobilization
Mineralization
Desorption

• Soil solution
• phosphorus
• HPO4-2
• H2PO4-1

Secondary compounds (CaP, FeP, MnP, AlP)
Dissolution
Leaching (usually minor)
Precipitation
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The Potassium Cycle
Component
Input to soil
Loss from soil
Animal manures and biosolids
Crop harvest
Plant residues
Mineral fertilizers
Runoff and erosion
Exchangeable potassium
Plant uptake
Soil solution potassium (K)
Fixed potassium
Mineral potassium
Leaching
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The Sulfur Cycle
Component
Input to soil
Loss from soil
Atmospheric sulfur
Volatilization
Atmospheric deposition
Crop harvest
SO2 gas
Mineral fertilizers
Plant residues
Animal manures and biosolids
Elemental sulfur
Runoff and erosion
Absorbed or mineral sulfur
Plant uptake
Oxidation
Organic sulfur
Reduced sulfur
Bacterial oxidation
Immobilization
Sulfate Sulfur (SO4)
Bacterial reduction
Mineralization
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Leaching